linux下kvm虚拟化总结,kvm虚拟化小结（六）libguestfs-tools

libguestfs 是一组 Linux 下的 C 语言的 API ，用来访问虚拟机的磁盘映像文件。其项目主页是http://libguestfs.org/ ，该工具包内包含的工具有virt-cat、virt-df、virt-ls、virt-copy-in、virt-copy-out、virt-edit、guestfs、guestmount、virt-list-filesystems、virt-list-partitions等工具，具体用法也可以参看官网。该工具可以在不启动KVM guest主机的情况下，直接查看guest主机内的文内容，也可以直接向img镜像中写入文件和复制文件到外面的物理机，当然其也可以像mount一样，支持挂载操作。

一、libguestfs-tools的安装

由于在rpm源里直接有该包，所以可以直接通过yum进行安装：

#yum -y install libguestfs-tools

二、linux下的使用

[root@localhost file]# virt-df centos.img

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use%

centos.img:/dev/sda1 495844 31950 438294 7%

centos.img:/dev/VolGroup/lv_root 28423176 721504 26257832 3%

[root@localhost file]# virt-ls centos.img /

.autofsck

bin

boot

dev

etc

home

lib

lib64

lost+found

media

mnt

opt

proc

root

sbin

selinux

srv

sys

tmp

usr

va

复制文件操作：

[root@localhost file]# virt-copy-out -d centos.img /etc/passwd /tmp

libguestfs: error: no libvirt domain called 'centos.img': Domain not found: no domain with matching name 'centos.img'

注意这里有报错，报错原因是因为-d参数后面跟的是主机domain，不是镜像文件名。更改为domain后的操作步骤如下：

[root@localhost file]# virsh list --all

Id Name State

----------------------------------------------------

4 ppd_win7 running

14 ppd_win2008 running

- ppd_centos shut off

[root@localhost file]# virt-copy-out -d ppd_centos /etc/passwd /tmp/

[root@localhost file]# cat /tmp/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:499:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

查看分区相关信息：

[root@localhost file]# virt-filesystems -d ppd_centos

/dev/sda1

/dev/VolGroup/lv_root

[root@localhost file]# virt-list-filesystems -d ppd_centos

Unknown option: d

Usage:

virt-list-filesystems [--options] domname

virt-list-filesystems [--options] disk.img [disk.img ...]

[root@localhost file]# virt-list-filesystems /file/centos.img

/dev/VolGroup/lv_root

/dev/sda1

[root@localhost file]# virt-list-partitions /file/centos.img

/dev/sda1

/dev/sda2

需要注意的是，有的命令后面用的是domain，有的用的是img文件名。

guestmount 分区挂载

[root@localhost ~]# guestmount -a /file/centos.qcow2 -m /dev/sda2 --rw /mnt

libguestfs: error: mount_options: /dev/sda2 on / (options: ''): mount: unknown filesystem type 'LVM2_member'

guestmount: '/dev/sda2' could not be mounted.

guestmount: Did you mean to mount one of these filesystems?

guestmount: /dev/sda1 (ext4)

guestmount: /dev/VolGroup/lv_root (ext4)

guestmount: /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap (swap)

[root@localhost ~]# guestmount -a /file/centos.qcow2 -m /dev/VolGroup/lv_root --rw /mnt

fuse: mountpoint is not empty

fuse: if you are sure this is safe, use the 'nonempty' mount option

libguestfs: error: fuse_mount: /mnt: Resource temporarily unavailable

[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/

bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var

[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/

[root@localhost ~]# guestmount -a /file/centos.qcow2 -m /dev/VolGroup/lv_root --rw /mnt

[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/

bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var

[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/

挂载出错时会列出所有的分区信息，然后再做使用正确的分区去挂载。不过也可以在挂载前先使用virt-list-filesystems去查看。使用guestmount时，对raw和qcow2格式的分区都支持。

三、windows系统下的使用

[root@localhost opt]# virt-ls -a /file/win7.img c:

virt-ls: no operating system was found on this disk

If using guestfish '-i' option, remove this option and instead

use the commands 'run' followed by 'list-filesystems'.

You can then mount filesystems you want by hand using the

'mount' or 'mount-ro' command.

If using guestmount '-i', remove this option and choose the

filesystem(s) you want to see by manually adding '-m' option(s).

Use 'virt-filesystems' to see what filesystems are available.

If using other virt tools, this disk image won't work

with these tools. Use the guestfish equivalent commands

(see the virt tool manual page).

RHEL 6 notice

-------------

libguestfs will return this error for Microsoft Windows guests if the

separate 'libguestfs-winsupport' package is not installed. If the

guest is running Microsoft Windows, please try again after installing

'libguestfs-winsupport'.

需要注意的是，上面的用法中，有两个错误的地方，一处是linux查看C分区，后面不能直接跟C：，而应该换用/  ；第二个错误是由于没有安装libguestfs-winsupport 。该工具也可以看接通过yum安装 。安装完该包后，再进行查看：

[root@localhost opt]# virt-ls -a /file/win7.img /

$Recycle.Bin

Documents and Settings

PerfLogs

Program Files

Program Files (x86)

ProgramData

Recovery

System Volume Information

Users

Windows

pagefile.sys

利用guestmount进行挂载

[root@localhost ~]# guestmount -a /file/win7.img -m /dev/sda2 --rw /mnt

[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/

Documents and Settings pagefile.sys PerfLogs ProgramData Program Files Program Files (x86) Recovery $Recycle.Bin System Volume Information Users Windows

注：此处的挂载同样需要ntfs-3g软件包的支持。