替换两个字符
我计算了当前答案中的所有方法以及一个额外的方法。
使用输入字符串abc&def#ghi并替换& - > \&和# - >#,最快的方法是将替换组合在一起,如:text.replace('&', '\&').replace('#', '\#')。
每项功能的时间:
a)1000000个循环,最佳3:每循环1.47μs
b)1000000个循环,最佳3:每循环1.51μs
c)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环12.3μs
d)100000个循环,最佳3:12μs/循环
e)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环3.27μs
f)1000000个循环,最佳3:每循环0.817μs
g)100000个循环,最佳为每循环3:3.64μs
h)1000000个循环,最佳3:每循环0.927μs
i)1000000个循环,最佳3:每循环0.814μs
以下是功能:
def a(text):
chars = ""
for c in chars:
text = text.replace(c, "\\" + c)
def b(text):
for ch in ['&','#']:
if ch in text:
text = text.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
import re
def c(text):
rx = re.compile('([])')
text = rx.sub(r'\\\1', text)
RX = re.compile('([])')
def d(text):
text = RX.sub(r'\\\1', text)
def mk_esc(esc_chars):
return lambda s: ''.join(['\\' + c if c in esc_chars else c for c in s])
esc = mk_esc('')
def e(text):
esc(text)
def f(text):
text = text.replace('&', '\&').replace('#', '\#')
def g(text):
replacements = {"&": "\&", "#": "\#"}
text = "".join([replacements.get(c, c) for c in text])
def h(text):
text = text.replace('&', r'\&')
text = text.replace('#', r'\#')
def i(text):
text = text.replace('&', r'\&').replace('#', r'\#')
时间如下:
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.a('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.b('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.c('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.d('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.e('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.f('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.g('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.h('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.i('abc&def#ghi')"
替换17个字符
这里有类似的代码来做同样的事情,但有更多的字符要逃避(\`* _ {}>#+ - 。!$):
def a(text):
chars = "\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$"
for c in chars:
text = text.replace(c, "\\" + c)
def b(text):
for ch in ['\\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$','\'']:
if ch in text:
text = text.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
import re
def c(text):
rx = re.compile('([])')
text = rx.sub(r'\\\1', text)
RX = re.compile('([\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$])')
def d(text):
text = RX.sub(r'\\\1', text)
def mk_esc(esc_chars):
return lambda s: ''.join(['\\' + c if c in esc_chars else c for c in s])
esc = mk_esc('\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$')
def e(text):
esc(text)
def f(text):
text = text.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('`', '\`').replace('*', '\*').replace('_', '\_').replace('{', '\{').replace('}', '\}').replace('[', '\[').replace(']', '\]').replace('(', '\(').replace(')', '\)').replace('>', '\>').replace('#', '\#').replace('+', '\+').replace('-', '\-').replace('.', '\.').replace('!', '\!').replace('$', '\$')
def g(text):
replacements = {
"\\": "\\\\",
"`": "\`",
"*": "\*",
"_": "\_",
"{": "\{",
"}": "\}",
"[": "\[",
"]": "\]",
"(": "\(",
")": "\)",
">": "\>",
"#": "\#",
"+": "\+",
"-": "\-",
".": "\.",
"!": "\!",
"$": "\$",
}
text = "".join([replacements.get(c, c) for c in text])
def h(text):
text = text.replace('\\', r'\\')
text = text.replace('`', r'\`')
text = text.replace('*', r'\*')
text = text.replace('_', r'\_')
text = text.replace('{', r'\{')
text = text.replace('}', r'\}')
text = text.replace('[', r'\[')
text = text.replace(']', r'\]')
text = text.replace('(', r'\(')
text = text.replace(')', r'\)')
text = text.replace('>', r'\>')
text = text.replace('#', r'\#')
text = text.replace('+', r'\+')
text = text.replace('-', r'\-')
text = text.replace('.', r'\.')
text = text.replace('!', r'\!')
text = text.replace('$', r'\$')
def i(text):
text = text.replace('\\', r'\\').replace('`', r'\`').replace('*', r'\*').replace('_', r'\_').replace('{', r'\{').replace('}', r'\}').replace('[', r'\[').replace(']', r'\]').replace('(', r'\(').replace(')', r'\)').replace('>', r'\>').replace('#', r'\#').replace('+', r'\+').replace('-', r'\-').replace('.', r'\.').replace('!', r'\!').replace('$', r'\$')
这是相同输入字符串的结果abc&def#ghi:
a)100000个循环,最佳3:6.72μs/循环
b)100000个循环,最佳3:2.64μs/循环
c)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环11.9μs
d)100000个循环,最佳为每循环3:4.92μs
e)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环2.96μs
f)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环4.29μs
g)100000个循环,最佳3:4.68μs/循环
h)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环4.73μs
i)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环4.24μs
并使用更长的输入字符串(## *Something* and [another] thing in a longer sentence with {more} things to replace$):
a)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环7.59μs
b)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环6.54μs
c)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环16.9μs
d)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环7.29μs
e)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环12.2μs
f)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环5.38μs
g)10000个循环,最佳3:21.7μs/循环
h)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环5.7μs
i)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环5.13μs
添加几个变种:
def ab(text):
for ch in ['\\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$','\'']:
text = text.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
def ba(text):
chars = "\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$"
for c in chars:
if c in text:
text = text.replace(c, "\\" + c)
输入时间较短:
ab)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环7.05μs
ba)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环2.4μs
输入时间越长:
ab)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环7.71μs
ba)100000个循环,最佳3:每循环6.08μs
所以我将ba用于可读性和速度。
附录
在评论中被haccks提示,ab和之间的区别ba是if c in text:支票。让我们针对另外两个变体测试它们:
def ab_with_check(text):
for ch in ['\\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$','\'']:
if ch in text:
text = text.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
def ba_without_check(text):
chars = "\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$"
for c in chars:
text = text.replace(c, "\\" + c)
Python 2.7.14和3.6.3上的每个循环的时间以μs为单位,并且与之前设置的机器不同,因此无法直接进行比较。
╭────────────╥──────┬───────────────┬──────┬──────────────────╮
│ Py, input ║ ab │ ab_with_check │ ba │ ba_without_check │
╞════════════╬══════╪═══════════════╪══════╪══════════════════╡
│ Py2, short ║ 8.81 │ 4.22 │ 3.45 │ 8.01 │
│ Py3, short ║ 5.54 │ 1.34 │ 1.46 │ 5.34 │
├────────────╫──────┼───────────────┼──────┼──────────────────┤
│ Py2, long ║ 9.3 │ 7.15 │ 6.85 │ 8.55 │
│ Py3, long ║ 7.43 │ 4.38 │ 4.41 │ 7.02 │
└────────────╨──────┴───────────────┴──────┴──────────────────┘
我们可以得出结论:
支票的人比没有支票的人快4倍
ab_with_check在Python 3上稍微领先,但是ba(带有check)在Python 2上有更大的领先优势
然而,这里最大的教训是Python 3比Python 2快3倍!Python 3上最慢的和Python 2上的最快之间没有太大的区别!