python global和nonlocal_python中global与nonlocal比较

python引用变量的顺序： 当前作用域局部变量->外层作用域变量->当前模块中的全局变量->python内置变量

一、global

global关键字用来在函数或其他局部作用域中使用全局变量。但是如果不修改全局变量也可以不使用global关键字。

gcount = 0

def global_test():

print (gcount)

def global_counter():

global gcount

gcount +=1

return gcount

def global_counter_test():

print(global_counter())

print(global_counter())

print(global_counter())

二、nonlocal

nonlocal关键字用来在函数或其他作用域中使用外层(非全局)变量。

def make_counter():

count = 0

def counter():

nonlocal count

count += 1

return count

return counter

def make_counter_test():

mc = make_counter()

print(mc())

print(mc())

print(mc())

也可以使用generator来实现类似的counter。如下：

def counter_generator():

count = 0

while True:

count += 1

yield count

def counter_generator_test():

# below is for python 3.x and works well

citer = counter_generator().__iter__()

i = 0

while(i < 3) :

print(citer.__next__())

i+=1

def counter_generator_test2():

#below code don't work

#because next() function still suspends and cannot exit

#it seems the iterator is generated every time.

j = 0

for iter in counter_generator():

while(j < 3) :

print(iter)

j+=1