最近几天,产品上线比较多,从内网测试库导出表的部分内容到线上也就比平时频繁多了,这时候可能会出现主键冲突:
Error Code : 1062
Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'
总结下,三种解决方案来避免出错
1.insert ignore into
遇主键冲突,保持原纪录
mysql> select * from device ;
+-------+--------+-------------+
| devid | status | spec_char
|
+-------+--------+-------------+
|
1 | dead | zhonghuaren |
|
2 | dead |
zhong
|
+-------+--------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into device values
(1,'alive','yangting');
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'
mysql> insert ignore into device
values (1,'alive','yangting');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from device ;
+-------+--------+-------------+
| devid | status | spec_char
|
+-------+--------+-------------+
|
1 | dead | zhonghuaren |
|
2 | dead |
zhong
|
+-------+--------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可见 insert ignore
into当遇到主键冲突时,不跟改原纪录,也不报错
2:REPLACE into
遇主键冲突,替换原纪录,即
先删除原纪录,后insert 新纪录
mysql> replace into device values
(1,'alive','yangting');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from device ;
+-------+--------+-----------+
| devid | status | spec_char |
+-------+--------+-----------+
|
1 | alive | yangting |
|
2 | dead |
zhong
|
+-------+--------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3:INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
其实这个是原本需要执行3条SQL语句(SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE),缩减为1条语句即可完成。
即
IF (SELECT * FROM where 存在) {
UPDATE SET WHERE ;
} else {
INSERT INTO;
}
如:mysql> insert into device values
(1,'readonly','yang') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE status
='drain';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
上面语句伪代码表示即为
if (select * from device where devid=1)
{ update device set status ='drain' where devid=1
}else {insert into device values (1,'readonly','yang')}
很明显,devid=1
是有的,这样就执行update操作
mysql> select * from device ;
+-------+--------+-----------+
| devid | status | spec_char |
+-------+--------+-----------+
|
1 | drain | yangting |
|
2 | dead |
zhong
|
+-------+--------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
测试表:
CREATE TABLE `device` (
`devid` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`status` enum('alive','dead','down','readonly','drain') DEFAULT
NULL,
`spec_char` varchar(11) DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`devid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB