python中主要包含哪些语句_在Python中，什么是全局语句？

What is a global statement? And how is it used? I have read Python's official definition;

however, it doesn't make a lot of sense to me.

解决方案

Every "variable" in python is limited to a certain scope. The scope of a python "file" is the module-scope. Consider the following:

#file test.py

myvariable = 5 # myvariable has module-level scope

def func():

x = 3 # x has "local" or function level scope.

Objects with local scope die as soon as the function exits and can never be retrieved (unless you return them), but within a function, you can access variables in the module level scope (or any containing scope):

myvariable = 5

def func():

print(myvariable) # prints 5

def func2():

x = 3

def func3():

print(x) # will print 3 because it picks it up from `func2`'s scope

func3()

However, you can't use assignment on that reference and expect that it will be propagated to an outer scope:

myvariable = 5

def func():

myvariable = 6 # creates a new "local" variable.

# Doesn't affect the global version

print(myvariable) # prints 6

func()

print(myvariable) # prints 5

Now, we're finally to global. The global keyword is the way that you tell python that a particular variable in your function is defined at the global (module-level) scope.

myvariable = 5

def func():

global myvariable

myvariable = 6 # changes `myvariable` at the global scope

print(myvariable) # prints 6

func()

print(myvariable) # prints 6 now because we were able

# to modify the reference in the function

In other words, you can change the value of myvariable in the module-scope from within func if you use the global keyword.

As an aside, scopes can be nested arbitrarily deep:

def func1():

x = 3

def func2():

print("x=",x,"func2")

y = 4

def func3():

nonlocal x # try it with nonlocal commented out as well. See the difference.

print("x=",x,"func3")

print("y=",y,"func3")

z = 5

print("z=",z,"func3")

x = 10

func3()

func2()

print("x=",x,"func1")

func1()

Now in this case, none of the variables are declared at the global scope, and in python2, there is no (easy/clean) way to change the value of x in the scope of func1 from within func3. That's why the nonlocal keyword was introduced in python3.x . nonlocal is an extension of global that allows you to modify a variable that you picked up from another scope in whatever scope it was pulled from.