python字典是什么数据结构_Python字典数据结构哪个方法d[]或d.get（）？

d[key]

Return the item of d with key key. Raises a KeyError if key is not in the map.

If a subclass of dict defines a method __missing__(), if the key key is not present, the d[key] operation calls that method with the key key as argument. The d[key] operation then returns or raises whatever is returned or raised by the __missing__(key) call if the key is not present. No other operations or methods invoke __missing__(). If __missing__() is not defined, KeyError is raised. __missing__() must be a method; it cannot be an instance variable. [...]

以及get(key[, default])

Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default. If default is not given, it defaults to None, so that this method never raises a KeyError.

区别在于返回值。当您请求与不存在的键对应的值时，您要么希望提出一个KeyError

调用的回调

返回默认值

Python通过多种方法提供不同的功能。

当找不到密钥时，使用[]将导致性能下降，无论是在调用_missing_还是引发异常。当键存在时，哪一个速度更快，我检查了源代码。(我用了2.7.2来做这个检查。)在dictobject.c中我们看到：get调用dict_get

[]调用dict_subscript

如果值存在，在dict_get中if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "get", 1, 2, &key, &failobj))

return NULL;

if (!PyString_CheckExact(key) ||

(hash = ((PyStringObject *) key)->ob_shash) == -1) {

hash = PyObject_Hash(key);

if (hash == -1)

return NULL;

}

ep = (mp->ma_lookup)(mp, key, hash);

在dict_subscript我们有assert(mp->ma_table != NULL);

if (!PyString_CheckExact(key) ||

(hash = ((PyStringObject *) key)->ob_shash) == -1) {

hash = PyObject_Hash(key);

if (hash == -1)

return NULL;

ep = (mp->ma_lookup)(mp, key, hash);

唯一的区别是get执行额外的解包元组！

重要吗？我不知道。：-)