oracle压缩参数,Oracle 11g版本EXPDP 的COMPRESSION参数压缩比堪比“gzip -9”

这个压缩比例可以和操作系统“gzip -9”相媲美，某些特例下有可能比gzip还要高效。体验之，供参考。

1.Oracle 11g中expdp帮助页中关于COMPRESSION参数的描述

secooler@secDB /home/oracle$ expdp -help

……

COMPRESSION

Reduce the size of a dump file.

Valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, [METADATA_ONLY] and NONE.

……

可见，11g中的COMPRESSION参数提供四个选项，分别是ALL、DATA_ONLY、METADATA_ONLY和NONE，非常的丰富，稍后我们将使用ALL参数进行操作。

2.Oracle 10g中关于COMPRESSION参数的描述如下

Keyword              Description (Default)

---------------------------------------------------------------------

……

COMPRESSION          Reduce size of dumpfile contents where valid

keyword values are: (METADATA_ONLY) and NONE.

……

10g中的COMPRESSION参数只提供METADATA_ONLY和NONE两个选项，基本上没有提供压缩功能。

3.使用11g EXPDP工具的四个压缩参数分别生成四个dump文件

1)使用ALL参数

secooler@secDB /expdp$ expdp sec/sec dumpfile=sec_ALL.dmp logfile=sec_ALL.log tables=t directory=dump_dir compression=ALL

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 20 22:48:52 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,

Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  sec/******** dumpfile=sec_ALL.dmp logfile=sec_ALL.log tables=t directory=dump_dir compression=ALL

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 136 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SEC"."T"                                  14.26 MB 1155520 rows

Master table "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SEC.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/expdp/sec_ALL.dmp

Job "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 22:49:08

2)使用DATA_ONLY参数

secooler@secDB /expdp$ expdp sec/sec dumpfile=sec_DATA_ONLY.dmp logfile=sec_DATA_ONLY.log tables=t directory=dump_dir compression=DATA_ONLY

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 20 22:49:32 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,

Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  sec/******** dumpfile=sec_DATA_ONLY.dmp logfile=sec_DATA_ONLY.log tables=t directory=dump_dir compression=DATA_ONLY

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 136 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SEC"."T"                                  14.26 MB 1155520 rows

Master table "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SEC.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/expdp/sec_DATA_ONLY.dmp

Job "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 22:49:48

3)使用METADATA_ONLY参数

secooler@secDB /expdp$ expdp sec/sec dumpfile=sec_METADATA_ONLY.dmp logfile=sec_METADATA_ONLY.log tables=t directory=dump_dir compression=METADATA_ONLY

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 20 22:50:16 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,

Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  sec/******** dumpfile=sec_METADATA_ONLY.dmp logfile=sec_METADATA_ONLY.log tables=t directory=dump_dir compression=METADATA_ONLY

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 136 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SEC"."T"                                  111.7 MB 1155520 rows

Master table "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SEC.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/expdp/sec_METADATA_ONLY.dmp

Job "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 22:50:27

4)使用NONE参数

secooler@secDB /expdp$ expdp sec/sec dumpfile=sec_NONE.dmp logfile=sec_NONE.log tables=t directory=dump_dir compression=NONE

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 20 22:50:43 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,

Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  sec/******** dumpfile=sec_NONE.dmp logfile=sec_NONE.log tables=t directory=dump_dir compression=NONE

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 136 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SEC"."T"                                  111.7 MB 1155520 rows

Master table "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SEC.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/expdp/sec_NONE.dmp

Job "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 22:50:53

4.比较生成的四个dump文件大小

secooler@secDB /expdp$ du -sm sec*.dmp

15      sec_ALL.dmp

15      sec_DATA_ONLY.dmp

112    sec_METADATA_ONLY.dmp

112    sec_NONE.dmp

secooler@secDB /expdp$ du -sb sec*.dmp

14987264        sec_ALL.dmp

14987264        sec_DATA_ONLY.dmp

117223424      sec_METADATA_ONLY.dmp

117223424      sec_NONE.dmp

实验表明，使用ALL参数和DATA_ONLY参数生成的备份文件基本一样大；使用METADATA_ONLY参数与NONE参数效果一样。

使用压缩与不进行压缩的比率是：15/112约等于1/7！

这才是真正的压缩。

5.使用“gzip -9”对未压缩的备份文件进行压缩，做一下比较

secooler@secDB /expdp$ gzip -9 sec_NONE.dmp

secooler@secDB /expdp$ du -sm sec*dmp*

15      sec_ALL.dmp

15      sec_DATA_ONLY.dmp

112    sec_METADATA_ONLY.dmp

15      sec_NONE.dmp.gz

secooler@secDB /expdp$ du -sb sec*dmp*

14987264        sec_ALL.dmp

14987264        sec_DATA_ONLY.dmp

117223424      sec_METADATA_ONLY.dmp

14717055        sec_NONE.dmp.gz

14987264与14717055的区别，相差甚微，基本相同，“gzip -9”稍胜一点点(也许在您的具体环境下“gzip -9”会逊色一点点)。

6.小结

Oracle 11g的EXPDP工具提供了真正意义上的“备份压缩”，这个技术在备份空间不足的情况下非常实用。

Oracle在改进和优化中不断的前进，慢慢体会吧。

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