首先MDN上原话:
绝对定位元素相对于最近的非 static 祖先元素定位。当这样的祖先元素不存在时,则相对于ICB(inital container block, 初始包含块)。
而根元素所在的包含块就叫初始包含块(ICB),所以也就是说当绝对定位的元素没有非 static定位属性的父元素时,相对于ICB定位。
根元素的包含块一般是视口(连续媒体)或者由页面区域(paged media)
CSS2规范对于包含块的定义中说到:
The containing block in which the root element lives is a rectangle called the initial containing block. For continuous media, it has the dimensions of the viewport and is anchored at the canvas origin; it is the page area for paged media. The 'direction' property of the initial containing block is the same as for the root element.