python中绘制简单图形可以引入的库是_Python 【绘制图及turtle库的使用】

本文介绍了如何使用Python的turtle库绘制一系列美丽的艺术图形,包括动态的樱花树、玫瑰花、圣诞树以及一个动漫人物的形象。通过展示代码和最终效果,作者详细解析了turtle库的使用技巧,让读者能够理解并尝试创建这些图形。
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前言最近翻到一篇知乎,上面有不少用Python(大多是turtle库)绘制的树图,感觉很漂亮,整理了一下,挑了一些觉得不错的代码分享给大家(这些我都测试过,确实可以生成喔~赶快去试一下吧)

one 樱花树

动态生成樱花效果图(这个是动态的):实现代码:import turtle as T

import random

import time

# 画樱花的躯干(60,t)

def Tree(branch, t):

time.sleep(0.0005)

if branch > 3:

if 8 <= branch <= 12:

if random.randint(0, 2) == 0:

t.color('snow') # 白

else:

t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色

t.pensize(branch / 3)

elif branch < 8:

if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:

t.color('snow')

else:

t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色

t.pensize(branch / 2)

else:

t.color('sienna') # 赭(zhě)色

t.pensize(branch / 10) # 6

t.forward(branch)

a = 1.5 * random.random()

t.right(20 * a)

b = 1.5 * random.random()

Tree(branch - 10 * b, t)

t.left(40 * a)

Tree(branch - 10 * b, t)

t.right(20 * a)

t.up()

t.backward(branch)

t.down()

# 掉落的花瓣

def Petal(m, t):

for i in range(m):

a = 200 - 400 * random.random()

b = 10 - 20 * random.random()

t.up()

t.forward(b)

t.left(90)

t.forward(a)

t.down()

t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色

t.circle(1)

t.up()

t.backward(a)

t.right(90)

t.backward(b)

# 绘图区域

t = T.Turtle()

# 画布大小

w = T.Screen()

t.hideturtle() # 隐藏画笔

t.getscreen().tracer(5, 0)

w.screensize(bg='wheat') # wheat小麦

t.left(90)

t.up()

t.backward(150)

t.down()

t.color('sienna')

# 画樱花的躯干

Tree(60, t)

# 掉落的花瓣

Petal(200, t)

w.exitonclick()

飘落效果效果图:实现代码:from turtle import *

from random import *

from math import *

def tree(n,l):

pd()#下笔

#阴影效果

t = cos(radians(heading()+45))/8+0.25

pencolor(t,t,t)

pensize(n/3)

forward(l)#画树枝

if n>0:

b = random()*15+10 #右分支偏转角度

c = random()*15+10 #左分支偏转角度

d = l*(random()*0.25+0.7) #下一个分支的长度

#右转一定角度,画右分支

right(b)

tree(n-1,d)

#左转一定角度,画左分支

left(b+c)

tree(n-1,d)

#转回来

right(c)

else:

#画叶子

right(90)

n=cos(radians(heading()-45))/4+0.5

pencolor(n,n*0.8,n*0.8)

circle(3)

left(90)

#添加0.3倍的飘落叶子

if(random()>0.7):

pu()

#飘落

t = heading()

an = -40 +random()*40

setheading(an)

dis = int(800*random()*0.5 + 400*random()*0.3 + 200*random()*0.2)

forward(dis)

setheading(t)

#画叶子

pd()

right(90)

n = cos(radians(heading()-45))/4+0.5

pencolor(n*0.5+0.5,0.4+n*0.4,0.4+n*0.4)

circle(2)

left(90)

pu()

#返回

t=heading()

setheading(an)

backward(dis)

setheading(t)

pu()

backward(l)#退回

bgcolor(0.5,0.5,0.5)#背景色

ht()#隐藏turtle

speed(0)#速度 1-10渐进,0 最快

tracer(0,0)

pu()#抬笔

backward(100)

left(90)#左转90度

pu()#抬笔

backward(300)#后退300

tree(12,100)#递归7层

done()

暗色效果效果图:实现代码:from turtle import *

from random import *

from math import *

def tree(n, l):

pd()

t = cos(radians(heading() + 45)) / 8 + 0.25

pencolor(t, t, t)

pensize(n / 4)

forward(l)

if n > 0:

b = random() * 15 + 10

c = random() * 15 + 10

d = l * (random() * 0.35 + 0.6)

right(b)

tree(n - 1, d)

left(b + c)

tree(n - 1, d)

right(c)

else:

right(90)

n = cos(radians(heading() - 45)) / 4 + 0.5

pencolor(n, n, n)

circle(2)

left(90)

pu()

backward(l)

bgcolor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)

ht()

speed(0)

tracer(0, 0)

left(90)

pu()

backward(300)

tree(13, 100)

done()

two 玫瑰花效果图(有绘制过程)实现代码:from turtle import *

import time

setup(1000,800,0,0)

speed(0)

penup()

seth(90)

fd(340)

seth(0)

pendown()

speed(5)

begin_fill()

fillcolor('red')

circle(50,30)

for i in range(10):

fd(1)

left(10)

circle(40,40)

for i in range(6):

fd(1)

left(3)

circle(80,40)

for i in range(20):

fd(0.5)

left(5)

circle(80,45)

for i in range(10):

fd(2)

left(1)

circle(80,25)

for i in range(20):

fd(1)

left(4)

circle(50,50)

time.sleep(0.1)

circle(120,55)

speed(0)

seth(-90)

fd(70)

right(150)

fd(20)

left(140)

circle(140,90)

left(30)

circle(160,100)

left(130)

fd(25)

penup()

right(150)

circle(40,80)

pendown()

left(115)

fd(60)

penup()

left(180)

fd(60)

pendown()

end_fill()

right(120)

circle(-50,50)

circle(-20,90)

speed(1)

fd(75)

speed(0)

circle(90,110)

penup()

left(162)

fd(185)

left(170)

pendown()

circle(200,10)

circle(100,40)

circle(-52,115)

left(20)

circle(100,20)

circle(300,20)

speed(1)

fd(250)

penup()

speed(0)

left(180)

fd(250)

circle(-300,7)

right(80)

circle(200,5)

pendown()

left(60)

begin_fill()

fillcolor('green')

circle(-80,100)

right(90)

fd(10)

left(20)

circle(-63,127)

end_fill()

penup()

left(50)

fd(20)

left(180)

pendown()

circle(200,25)

penup()

right(150)

fd(180)

right(40)

pendown()

begin_fill()

fillcolor('green')

circle(-100,80)

right(150)

fd(10)

left(60)

circle(-80,98)

end_fill()

penup()

left(60)

fd(13)

left(180)

pendown()

speed(1)

circle(-200,23)

exitonclick()

three 圣诞树圣诞树 (动态生成效果图)实现代码:from turtle import *

import random

import time

n = 100.0

speed("fastest")

screensize(bg='seashell')

left(90)

forward(3*n)

color("orange", "yellow")

begin_fill()

left(126)

for i in range(5):

forward(n/5)

right(144)

forward(n/5)

left(72)

end_fill()

right(126)

color("dark green")

backward(n*4.8)

def tree(d, s):

if d <= 0: return

forward(s)

tree(d-1, s*.8)

right(120)

tree(d-3, s*.5)

right(120)

tree(d-3, s*.5)

right(120)

backward(s)

tree(15, n)

backward(n/2)

for i in range(200):

a = 200 - 400 * random.random()

b = 10 - 20 * random.random()

up()

forward(b)

left(90)

forward(a)

down()

if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:

color('tomato')

else:

color('wheat')

circle(2)

up()

backward(a)

right(90)

backward(b)

time.sleep(60)

turtle绘制动漫形象成品图:绘制过程:实现代码:import turtle as te

import time

WriteStep = 15 # 贝塞尔函数的取样次数

Speed = 5

Width = 600 # 界面宽度

Height = 500 # 界面高度

Xh = 0 # 记录前一个贝塞尔函数的手柄

Yh = 0

def Bezier(p1, p2, t): # 一阶贝塞尔函数

return p1 * (1 - t) + p2 * t

def Bezier_2(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3): # 二阶贝塞尔函数

te.goto(x1, y1)

te.pendown()

for t in range(0, WriteStep + 1):

x = Bezier(Bezier(x1, x2, t / WriteStep),

Bezier(x2, x3, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep)

y = Bezier(Bezier(y1, y2, t / WriteStep),

Bezier(y2, y3, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep)

te.goto(x, y)

te.penup()

def Bezier_3(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4): # 三阶贝塞尔函数

x1 = -Width / 2 + x1

y1 = Height / 2 - y1

x2 = -Width / 2 + x2

y2 = Height / 2 - y2

x3 = -Width / 2 + x3

y3 = Height / 2 - y3

x4 = -Width / 2 + x4

y4 = Height / 2 - y4 # 坐标变换

te.goto(x1, y1)

te.pendown()

for t in range(0, WriteStep + 1):

x = Bezier(Bezier(Bezier(x1, x2, t / WriteStep), Bezier(x2, x3, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep),

Bezier(Bezier(x2, x3, t / WriteStep), Bezier(x3, x4, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep)

y = Bezier(Bezier(Bezier(y1, y2, t / WriteStep), Bezier(y2, y3, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep),

Bezier(Bezier(y2, y3, t / WriteStep), Bezier(y3, y4, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep)

te.goto(x, y)

te.penup()

def Moveto(x, y): # 移动到svg坐标下(x,y)

te.penup()

te.goto(-Width / 2 + x, Height / 2 - y)

def line(x1, y1, x2, y2): # 连接svg坐标下两点

te.penup()

te.goto(-Width / 2 + x1, Height / 2 - y1)

te.pendown()

te.goto(-Width / 2 + x2, Height / 2 - y2)

te.penup()

def lineto(dx, dy): # 连接当前点和相对坐标(dx,dy)的点

te.pendown()

te.goto(te.xcor() + dx, te.ycor() - dy)

te.penup()

def Lineto(x, y): # 连接当前点和svg坐标下(x,y)

te.pendown()

te.goto(-Width / 2 + x, Height / 2 - y)

te.penup()

def Horizontal(x): # 做到svg坐标下横坐标为x的水平线

te.pendown()

te.setx(x - Width / 2)

te.penup()

def horizontal(dx): # 做到相对横坐标为dx的水平线

te.seth(0)

te.pendown()

te.fd(dx)

te.penup()

def vertical(dy): # 做到相对纵坐标为dy的垂直线

te.seth(-90)

te.pendown()

te.fd(dy)

te.penup()

te.seth(0)

def polyline(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3): # 做svg坐标下的折线

te.penup()

te.goto(-Width / 2 + x1, Height / 2 - y1)

te.pendown()

te.goto(-Width / 2 + x2, Height / 2 - y2)

te.goto(-Width / 2 + x3, Height / 2 - y3)

te.penup()

def Curveto(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y): # 三阶贝塞尔曲线到(x,y)

te.penup()

X_now = te.xcor() + Width / 2

Y_now = Height / 2 - te.ycor()

Bezier_3(X_now, Y_now, x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y)

global Xh

global Yh

Xh = x - x2

Yh = y - y2

def curveto_r(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y): # 三阶贝塞尔曲线到相对坐标(x,y)

te.penup()

X_now = te.xcor() + Width / 2

Y_now = Height / 2 - te.ycor()

Bezier_3(X_now, Y_now, X_now + x1, Y_now + y1,

X_now + x2, Y_now + y2, X_now + x, Y_now + y)

global Xh

global Yh

Xh = x - x2

Yh = y - y2

def Smooth(x2, y2, x, y): # 平滑三阶贝塞尔曲线到(x,y)

global Xh

global Yh

te.penup()

X_now = te.xcor() + Width / 2

Y_now = Height / 2 - te.ycor()

Bezier_3(X_now, Y_now, X_now + Xh, Y_now + Yh, x2, y2, x, y)

Xh = x - x2

Yh = y - y2

def smooth_r(x2, y2, x, y): # 平滑三阶贝塞尔曲线到相对坐标(x,y)

global Xh

global Yh

te.penup()

X_now = te.xcor() + Width / 2

Y_now = Height / 2 - te.ycor()

Bezier_3(X_now, Y_now, X_now + Xh, Y_now + Yh,

X_now + x2, Y_now + y2, X_now + x, Y_now + y)

Xh = x - x2

Yh = y - y2

te.tracer(10)

te.setup(Width, Height, 0, 0)

te.pensize(1)

te.speed(Speed)

te.penup()

# 图层_2

time.sleep(20)

te.color("black", "#F2F2F2") # 外套

Moveto(61, 462)

te.begin_fill()

smooth_r(12, -41, 27, -58)

curveto_r(-6, -36, 6, -118, 9, -132)

curveto_r(-15, -27, -23, -51, -26, -74)

curveto_r(4, -66, 38, -105, 65, -149)

Horizontal(486)

curveto_r(12, 24, 40, 99, 33, 114)

curveto_r(39, 82, 55, 129, 39, 144)

smooth_r(-31, 23, -39, 28)

smooth_r(-12, 37, -12, 37)

lineto(50, 92)

Horizontal(445)

smooth_r(-29, -38, -31, -46)

smooth_r(78, -107, 72, -119)

Smooth(355, 178, 340, 176)

Smooth(272, 63, 264, 64)

smooth_r(-29, 67, -27, 73)

Curveto(99, 292, 174, 428, 173, 439)

smooth_r(-8, 23, -8, 23)

Lineto(61, 462)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(60.5, 461.5) # 阴影

te.color("black", "#D3DFF0")

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(0, 0, 17, -42, 27, -59)

curveto_r(-6, -33, 6, -128, 10, -133)

curveto_r(-15, -10, -27, -66, -27.285, -75)

te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")

curveto_r(12.285, 11, 82.963, 156, 82.963, 156)

te.pencolor("black")

smooth_r(12.322, 75, 19.322, 86)

curveto_r(-1, 11, -8, 25, -8, 25)

Horizontal(60.5)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(444.5, 464)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(0, 0, -29, -36, -31, -46)

smooth_r(53.59, -82.337, 53.59, -82.337)

te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")

smooth_r(86.41, -47.663, 96.072, -54.85)

Curveto(563.5, 297.5, 570.5, 299.5, 518.5, 334)

te.pencolor("black")

curveto_r(-2, 16, -12, 33, -12, 37)

smooth_r(50, 92, 50, 93)

Horizontal(444.5)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(195, 49)

te.begin_fill()

te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")

polyline(195, 49, 175.5, 106.5, 202.522, 49)

te.pencolor("black")

Horizontal(195)

te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")

te.end_fill()

Moveto(327.997, 49)

te.begin_fill()

te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")

curveto_r(0, 0, 11.503, 121.087, 13.503, 128.087)

curveto_r(11, 2, 54, 37, 54, 37)

lineto(-40, -165.087)

te.pencolor("black")

Horizontal(327.997)

te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")

te.end_fill()

te.pencolor("black")

line(94.5, 397.5, 107.5, 373.5) # 皱纹

line(122.5, 317.5, 95.875, 274.699)

line(122.5, 341.5, 141.5, 402.5)

line(141.5, 409.5, 153.5, 431.5)

# line(328,47.712,344,175.977)

line(340.023, 49, 360.5, 144)

# line(353.5,47.5,395.5,208.5)

line(478.5, 95.5, 518.5, 161.5)

line(518.5, 332.5, 460.5, 359.5)

polyline(506.5, 369.5, 493.5, 402.5, 502.5, 443.5)

Moveto(530, 429)

curveto_r(4, 16, -5, 33, -5, 33)

# 图层_3

te.color("black", "#2b1d2a") # 外套内侧

Moveto(225, 462)

te.begin_fill()

Horizontal(165)

smooth_r(9, -15, 8, -25)

curveto_r(-47, -126, 6, -212, 12, -225)

Curveto(185, 305, 202, 428, 225, 462)

Lineto(225, 462)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(390, 462)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(10, -23, 34, -180, 35, -222) # !!!227

curveto_r(7, 4, 54, 45, 61, 61) # 61

smooth_r(-73, 101, -72, 118)

curveto_r(5, 15, 31, 46, 31, 45)

Lineto(390, 462)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_4

te.color("black", "#2b1d29") # 外套内侧

Moveto(225, 462)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-28, -50, -40, -166, -40, -250)

curveto_r(6, 51, -6, 87, 45, 106)

smooth_r(64, 27, 89, 24)

smooth_r(49, -18, 56, -20)

smooth_r(50, -10, 51, -85)

curveto_r(0, 29, -25, 201, -36, 225)

Lineto(225, 462)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_5

te.color("black", "#3D3D3D") # 衣服

Moveto(225, 462)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-5, -5, -22, -53, -23, -70)

lineto(32, -13)

curveto_r(3, -25, 6, -28, 12, -36)

smooth_r(13, -12, 16, -12)

vertical(-2)

curveto_r(45, 20, 64, 14, 94, 1)

vertical(2)

curveto_r(8, -2, 15, 2, 17, 4)

smooth_r(0, 6, -2, 9)

curveto_r(10, 10, 10, 29, 11, 33)

smooth_r(23, 4, 25, 6)

smooth_r(-17, 83, -17, 78)

Lineto(225, 462)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_6

te.color("black", "#968281") # 脖子

Moveto(262, 329)

te.begin_fill()

vertical(17)

curveto_r(1, 2, 44, 14, 45, 15)

smooth_r(3, 12, 3, 12)

horizontal(3)

vertical(-5)

curveto_r(1, -3, 4, -6, 5, -7)

lineto(36, -14)

curveto_r(1, -1, 3, -16, 2, -17)

Curveto(318, 348, 296, 344, 262, 329)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_8

te.color("black", "#E7F1FF") # 白色褶皱

Moveto(225, 462)

te.begin_fill()

lineto(-3, -5) # -3,-3,-3,-5

curveto_r(0, -2, 4, -4, 5, -6)

smooth_r(16, 3, 19, -8)

smooth_r(0, -7, 0, -11)

smooth_r(5, -8, 9, -5)

smooth_r(19, -8, 19, -11)

smooth_r(6, -7, 6, -7)

smooth_r(7, -2, 9, -4)

lineto(41, -2)

lineto(12, 9)

smooth_r(3, 15, 7, 18)

smooth_r(15, 4, 17, 4)

smooth_r(4, -4, 6, -4)

smooth_r(6, 4, 5, 9)

smooth_r(0, 9, 0, 9)

smooth_r(1, 7, 7, 6)

smooth_r(8, 0, 8, 0)

lineto(-2, 8)

Lineto(225, 462)

te.end_fill()

te.pensize(2)

Moveto(240, 450)

smooth_r(0, 9, 3, 12)

Moveto(372, 462)

curveto_r(-2, -4, -5, -29, -7, -28)

te.pensize(1)

# 图层_7

te.color("black", "#A2B8D6") # 衣领

Moveto(262, 331)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(0, 8, -1, 13, 0, 15)

smooth_r(43, 14, 45, 15)

lineto(3, 12)

horizontal(3)

smooth_r(-1, -3, 0, -5)

lineto(5, -7)

lineto(36, -14)

curveto_r(1, -1, 2, -12, 2, -15)

smooth_r(25, -2, 15, 13)

curveto_r(-2, 4, -7, 29, -7, 32)

smooth_r(-35, 19, -41, 22)

smooth_r(-9, 14, -12, 14)

smooth_r(-7, -12, -14, -15)

curveto_r(-19, -2, -41, -25, -41, -25)

smooth_r(-10, -26, -10, -30)

Smooth(255, 332, 262, 331)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(262, 346)

lineto(-12, -6)

Moveto(369, 333)

curveto_r(2, 4, -6, 10, -15, 14)

# 图层_9

te.color("black", "#151515") # 领结

Moveto(247, 358)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-5, 3, -8, 20, -6, 23)

curveto_r(25, 21, 50, 17, 50, 17)

lineto(-23, 64)

horizontal(22)

smooth_r(1, -13, 2, -16)

lineto(13, -50)

curveto_r(2, 2, 7, 3, 10, 1)

smooth_r(18, 65, 18, 65)

horizontal(19)

lineto(-24, -65)

curveto_r(21, 5, 39, -10, 44, -13)

curveto_r(5, -20, 1, -21, 0, -24)

curveto_r(-18, -2, -49, 15, -52, 17)

smooth_r(-11, -3, -15, -1)

Smooth(252, 356, 247, 358)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_10

te.color("black", "#A2B8D6") # 衣领(透过领结)

Moveto(297, 387)

te.begin_fill()

lineto(-11, 6)

curveto_r(-1, 0, -20, -7, -30, -19)

Curveto(259, 373, 297, 385, 297, 387)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(323, 384)

te.begin_fill()

lineto(8, 7)

lineto(30, -14)

curveto_r(1, -1, 5, -6, 4, -7)

Smooth(329, 379, 323, 384)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_11

te.color("black", "#F3EEEB") # 脸

Moveto(185, 212)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(4, -9, 46, -77, 52, -75)

curveto_r(-2, -17, 19, -68, 27, -73)

curveto_r(16, 15, 71, 108, 76, 112)

smooth_r(76, 53, 86, 60)

curveto_r(0, 65, -27, 75, -31, 76)

curveto_r(-50, 28, -70, 30, -85, 30)

smooth_r(-77, -22, -86, -26)

Curveto(180, 302, 186, 228, 185, 212)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_12

te.color("black", "#2B1D29") # 头发

Moveto(189, 202)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-1, 22, 19, 51, 19, 51)

smooth_r(-10, -42, 7, -92)

Curveto(212, 168, 196, 189, 189, 202)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(221, 155)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-2, 6, 5, 48, 5, 48)

smooth_r(18, -28, 20, -48)

curveto_r(-5, 24, 4, 43, 7, 50)

curveto_r(-10, -49, 3, -72, 13, -106)

curveto_r(-2, -7, -3, -32, -3, -35)

curveto_r(-17, 18, -27, 71, -27, 71)

Lineto(221, 155)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(264, 64)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-4, 5, 14, 100, 14, 100)

smooth_r(-6, -79, -5, -85)

curveto_r(0, 98, 49, 139, 49, 139)

smooth_r(8, -50, 3, -65)

Smooth(272, 64, 264, 64)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(342, 176)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-1, 27, -10, 57, -10, 57)

smooth_r(20, -33, 17, -54)

Lineto(342, 176)

te.end_fill()

te.penup()

te.begin_fill()

polyline(349, 180, 353, 203, 361, 203)

polyline(361, 203, 362, 188, 349, 180)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_13

te.pensize(2)

Moveto(210, 180) # 眉毛

curveto_r(5, -4, 63, 9, 63, 14)

Moveto(338, 193)

curveto_r(0, -3, 18, -6, 18, -6)

te.pensize(1)

# 图层_14

te.color("black", "#D1D1D1") # 眼睛1

te.pensize(2)

Moveto(206, 212)

te.begin_fill()

lineto(15, -7)

curveto_r(4, -1, 26, -2, 30, 0)

smooth_r(10, 3, 12, 7)

te.pencolor("#D1D1D1")

te.pensize(1)

smooth_r(2, 27, -1, 30)

smooth_r(-39, 5, -44, 1)

Smooth(206, 212, 206, 212)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(384, 204)

te.begin_fill()

te.pencolor("black")

te.pensize(2)

curveto_r(-3, -1, -18, -1, -28, 1)

smooth_r(-9, 6, -10, 9)

te.pencolor("#D1D1D1")

te.pensize(1)

smooth_r(3, 18, 6, 23)

smooth_r(38, 6, 40, 4)

smooth_r(10, -9, 13, -22)

te.pencolor("black")

te.pensize(2)

Lineto(384, 204)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_15

te.color("#0C1631", "#0C1631") # 眼睛2

te.pensize(1)

Moveto(216, 206)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-1, 5, 0, 26, 7, 35)

smooth_r(30, 2, 33, 0)

smooth_r(5, -31, 2, -34)

Smooth(219, 203, 216, 206)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(354, 207)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-2, 1, 2, 29, 4, 31)

smooth_r(30, 3, 33, 1)

smooth_r(6, -24, 4, -27)

lineto(-11, -8)

Curveto(382, 204, 357, 206, 354, 207)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_17

te.color("#F5F5F5", "#F5F5F5") # 眼睛3

Moveto(253, 211)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-3, 0, -8, 8, 1, 10)

Smooth(258, 210, 253, 211)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(392, 209)

te.begin_fill()

lineto(4, 3)

vertical(4)

lineto(-4, 2)

Curveto(386, 214, 392, 209, 392, 209)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_18

te.color("#352F53", "#352F53") # 眼睛4

Moveto(219, 229)

te.begin_fill()

smooth_r(2, -5, 6, -4)

smooth_r(18, 13, 27, 1)

curveto_r(3, 0, 5, 3, 5, 3)

vertical(13)

Horizontal(224)

Lineto(219, 229)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(357, 227)

te.begin_fill()

smooth_r(4, -6, 10, -2)

smooth_r(10, 13, 19, 1)

curveto_r(6, 0, 8, 6, 8, 6)

lineto(-2, 9)

curveto_r(-12, 3, -29, 0, -32, -2)

Smooth(357, 227, 357, 227)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_19

te.color("#9A90CB", "#9A90CB") # 眼睛5

Moveto(227, 231)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(-6, 0, -5, 5, -3, 8)

smooth_r(24, 2, 27, 0)

smooth_r(0, -8, -1, -8)

Smooth(234, 231, 227, 231)

te.end_fill()

Moveto(361, 227)

te.begin_fill()

curveto_r(2, 18, 26, 14, 30, 6)

smooth_r(-1, -3, -2, -4)

smooth_r(-15, 9, -24, -4)

Curveto(363, 224, 361, 225, 361, 227)

te.end_fill()

# 图层_16

te.pencolor("black") # 眼睛(线条)

te.pensize(3)

# Moveto(206,213)

# lineto(14,-8)

# curveto_r(3,-1,30,0,33,1)

# lineto(10,6)

Moveto(225, 215)

curveto_r(10, 28, 22, 16, 24, 6)

Moveto(365, 219)

curveto_r(4, 14, 18, 24, 22, -3)

te.pensize(2)

line(240.5, 207.5, 227.5, 211.5)

line(245.5, 209.5, 227.5, 214.5)

line(247.5, 211.5, 227.5, 217.5)

line(247.5, 214.5, 229.5, 220.5)

line(247.5, 218.5, 230.5, 223.5)

line(246.5, 222.5, 232.5, 226.5)

line(244.5, 225.5, 234.5, 228.5)

line(377.5, 207.5, 367.5, 210.5)

line(384.5, 207.5, 366.5, 212.5)

line(385.5, 210.5, 366.5, 215.5)

line(384.5, 213.5, 366.5, 218.5)

line(384.5, 215.5, 367.5, 220.5)

line(384.5, 218.5, 368.5, 223.5)

# line(383.5,220.5,368.5,225.5)

line(382.5, 223.5, 370.5, 227.5)

# line(381.5,226.5,373.5,229.5)

# 图层_20

te.pencolor("black")

Moveto(309, 270) # 鼻子、嘴

curveto_r(0, 0, 4, 7, 1, 9)

line(296.5, 307.5, 303.5, 307.5)

Moveto(315, 307)

smooth_r(10, -1, 10, 2)

te.penup()

te.hideturtle()

te.update()

te.done()

蟒蛇绘制及turtle库的使用

环境要求python3

最好有一个ide,我用的是最基本的pycharm

这是我根据mooc的教程写下来的(视频链接在文末),希望能给刚开始学习Python提供一个范例:

这篇博文,我们将绘制一条蟒蛇,并解释turtle的使用。

首先我们设计一下蟒蛇的基本形状,它是一条爬行的蟒蛇而且很有回头感,并且后面会看到它是可以动的:这就要要用计算机图形的绘制了,这与一般的简单的测试程序是不一样的,因为要涉及到窗口等的出现:

全部的代码:# python.py

import turtle

turtle.setup(650,350,200,200)

turtle.penup()

turtle.fd(-250)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.pensize(25)

turtle.pencolor("purple")

turtle.seth(-40)

for i in range(4):

turtle.circle(40,80)

turtle.circle(-40,80)

turtle.circle(40,80/2)

turtle.fd(40)

turtle.circle(16,180)

turtle.fd(40 * 2/3)

turtle.done()

#finish确保代码无误,执行后,就可以看到屏幕中出现窗口,并且出现了一个动态的,正在逐渐绘制的蟒蛇:

直到全部完成从代码中我们可以很明显的看到使用了turtle这个库,那么每一行的代表什么意思呢? turtle意思是海龟,是一个绘图库,是python的标准库之一(注意标准库与第三方库的区别),我们可以叫它海龟库,这是这个程序最关键的地方。

turtle(海龟)是一种真实的存在,可以理解为:

有一只海龟,其实在窗体正中心,在画布上游走;

走过的轨迹形成了绘制的图形

海龟由程序控制,可以变换颜色,改变宽度等

再来看一下一些有趣的示例(使用turtle)

窗体布局在电脑显示中,左上角的像素坐标是(0,0),这里的turtle统一如此,可以使用setup()函数来社会中窗体大小以及位置turtle.setup(width,height,startx,starty)(后两个坐标是可选的,指窗体左上角相对于屏幕左上角的坐标)

在绘制过程中,setup函数并不是必须的,只有当你需要控制窗体的大小和位置时,采用setup进行限制。

例如:空间坐标体系 海龟最开始在画布的正中心,以此构成绝对坐标系,利用空间坐标和函数,可以改变海龟的位置

如最重要的一个函数是# turtle.goto(x,y)它可以让任意位置的海龟去到达这个位置,例如:运动控制函数 turtle.forward(d)别名turtle.fd(d)

d表示行进距离,如果行进距离是负数,表示海龟是倒退着行进的。

turtle.bd(d)是向海龟的反方向运行

turtle.circle(r,angle)这是曲线函数,圆心在海龟的左手侧距离自己距为r的地方,想要绘制完整圆形,不要写第二个参数就好

角度坐标体系 我们可以使用下面函数来改变当前海龟的行进角度

turtle.seth(angle)

这里的angle是将海龟当前的行进方向改变为某一个绝对角度(不是海龟方向,是绝对坐标系中的绝对方向)

为了更好改变方向,还可以分别从左右两个方向改变角度(这个是海龟角度)

turtle.left(angle)

turtle.right(angle)

要注意的是,改变角度的函数只会改变方向,但是不会自动行进,需要配合其他函数,比如turtle.fd(d)来使用。

例如:现在我们再看上面的程序是不是感觉很熟悉了呢,虽然还是有些不是完全懂,别着急,我们慢慢看下面:

画笔控制函数 这里将海龟想象为画笔pen

画笔成对出现

turtle.penup()别名turtle.pu()抬起画笔,海龟在飞行

turtlependown()别名turtle.pd()落下画笔,海龟在爬行

另外: turtle.pensize(width)用来设置画笔宽度。

turtle.pencolor(color)设置颜色,里面填rgb值。

这里要注意要把rge压成0-1(除以255即可)循环结构与range

python循环语句最常用方式

for i(计数变量) in range(循环次数) 后面缩进的代码将被循环执行

range()产生循环计数序列

range(n)

range(m,n)产生从m到n-1的整数序列

看到这个,基本上上面的蟒蛇代码应该已经能全部看懂了,而且可以自己做出很多改变。这里写一下注释:# python.py

import turtle

turtle.setup(650,350,200,200)#设置窗体位置和大小

turtle.penup()

turtle.fd(-250)

turtle.pendown()#海龟飞起落下 这三行相当于海龟的原点改变了

turtle.pensize(25)

turtle.pencolor("purple")

turtle.seth(-40)#设置刚开始的绝对角度

for i in range(4):

turtle.circle(40,80)

turtle.circle(-40,80)#4绘制蟒蛇的4个小节

turtle.circle(40,80/2)#绘制少半个弧形

turtle.fd(40)

turtle.circle(16,180)#脖子和头部绘制

turtle.fd(40 * 2/3)

turtle.done()#这行代码使得程序运行后程序不会退出,需要手动关闭窗口

#finish可以把import turtle调库函数换成from turtle import*,这样后面就可以不用一直加turtle.了,直接写函数就ok,只要注意不要重名就可以,或者也可以import turtle as+别名的方式。

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