attributeerror: __enter_____builtins__ 与 __builtin_

在启动Python解释器后，就可以直接使用一些函数，如：

abs(-2)
Out[11]: 2

max([1,2,3,4])
Out[12]: 4

这些函数称为内建函数，在__builtins__模块中，Python在启动时就直接为我们导入了。准确的说，Python在启动时会首先加载内建名称空间，内建名称空间中有许多名字到对象之间的映射，这些名字就是内建函数的名称，对象就是这些内建函数对象。

>>> dir()
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__']

可以看到有一个__builtins__的模块名称。其中包含了大量内置函数：

dir(__builtins__)
Out[14]: 
['ArithmeticError',
 'AssertionError',
 'AttributeError',
 'BaseException',
 'BlockingIOError',
 'BrokenPipeError',
 'BufferError',
...
]

而我们在控制台直接输入__builtins__时（Python2）会出现__builtin__：

>>> __builtins__
<module '__builtin__' (built-in)>

_builtins与builtin__的区别

两者有何区别，以及为何这么做，请阅读以下两篇博客：

What's the deal with __builtins__ vs __builtin__
理解Python中的__builtin__和__builtins__

总的概括而言：

By default, when in the __main__ module, __builtins__ is the built-in module __builtin__ (note: no 's'); when in any other module, __builtins__ is an alias for the dictionary of the __builtin__ module itself.

举例如下：

1、编写一个a.py文件，并运行

import __builtin__

print "In a"
print "__name__ is:", __name__
print "__builtin__ is __builtins__:", __builtin__ is __builtins__
print "type(__builtin__):", type(__builtin__)
print "type(__builtins__):", type(__builtins__)

$ python a.py
In a
__name__ is: __main__
__builtin__ is __builtins__: True
type(__builtin__): <type 'module'>
type(__builtins__): <type 'module'>

2、如果不在__main__module，比如在b.py中导入a.py，情况就变了：

# b.py：
import __builtin__

print "In b, before importing a"

# the output from this should be the same as when we ran
# $ python a.py
print "__name__ is:", __name__
print "__builtin__ is __builtins__:", __builtin__ is __builtins__
print "type(__builtin__):", type(__builtin__)
print "type(__builtins__):", type(__builtins__)
print "n"

import a
# code from a will execute here

$ python b.py
In b, before importing a
__name__ is: __main__
__builtin__ is __builtins__: True
type(__builtin__): <type 'module'>
type(__builtins__): <type 'module'>

In a
__name__ is: a
__builtin__ is __builtins__: False
type(__builtin__): <type 'module'>
type(__builtins__): <type 'dict'> # 变成了dict类型

CPython implementation detail: Users should not touch __builtins__; it is strictly an implementation detail. Users wanting to override values in the builtins namespace should import the __builtin__ (no 's') module and modify its attributes appropriately. The namespace for a module is automatically created the first time a module is imported. 注意： Note that in Python3, the module __builtin__ has been renamed to builtins to avoid some of this confusion.