linux7.2查看网卡名,CentOS 7.2修改网卡名称

背景

没啥背景，就是VMWare装的CentOS 7.2虚拟机的自带网卡名有点乱，想重新定义修改一下。

环境

1、VMWare虚拟机

6张网卡

2、系统

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release

CentOS Linux release7.2.1511 (Core)

并且是最小化安装。

网卡信息

网卡配置文件

配置内容

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eno16777736

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

NAME=eno16777736

UUID=1160a71e-e5b5-4378-b742-c1bf0cba6f00

DEVICE=eno16777736

ONBOOT=no

这里启动下网卡，获得IP，好连接shell

[root@localhost network-scripts]# sed -i '/ONBOOT/s/no/yes/' ifcfg-eno*[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr1: lo: mtu 65536qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.128/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno16777736

valid_lft 1799sec preferred_lft 1799sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b15c/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: eno33554960: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:66brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.129/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno33554960

valid_lft 1800sec preferred_lft 1800sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b166/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever4: eno50332184: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:70brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.130/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno50332184

valid_lft 1800sec preferred_lft 1800sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b170/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5: eno67109408: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.131/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno67109408

valid_lft 1800sec preferred_lft 1800sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b17a/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever6: eno83886632: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:84brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.132/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno83886632

valid_lft 1800sec preferred_lft 1800sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b184/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever7: eno100663856: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.133/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno100663856

valid_lft 1801sec preferred_lft 1801sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b18e/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@localhost network-scripts]#

默认使用DHCP，都是自动获取的IP

配置

CentOS7使用了“一致性网络命名方法”，这里举例，将网卡名截断为前5个字符，如eno16777736改为eno16。

1、更改网卡配置文件名

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll

total252

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno10-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno16-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno33-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno50-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno67-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno83-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 254 Sep 16 2015 ifcfg-lo

lrwxrwxrwx.1 root root 24 Jan 11 22:31 ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 627 Sep 16 2015 ifdown-bnep

[root@localhost network-scripts]#

并更改配置文件内容，举例

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eno16

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

NAME=eno16

UUID=803d2d05-493b-489b-8201-1d3fc67878aa

DEVICE=eno16

ONBOOT=yes

[root@localhost network-scripts]#

2、关闭“一致性网络设备命名法”

更改前

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/grub

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"GRUB_DEFAULT=saved

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=trueGRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet"GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"[root@localhost~]#

添加net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

更改后

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/grub

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"GRUB_DEFAULT=saved

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=trueGRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet"GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"[root@localhost~]#

更新GRUB、内核配置

[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

Generating grub configurationfile...

Found linux image:/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64

Found initrd image:/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.img

Found linux image:/boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-f034e6e19df748b7a27fad77b06e3179

Found initrd image:/boot/initramfs-0-rescue-f034e6e19df748b7a27fad77b06e3179.imgdone[root@localhost~]#

3、添加设备规则配置文件

修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules，没有该文件则新建文件

内容如下

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:5c", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno16"SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:8e", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno10"SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:66", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno33"SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:70", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno50"SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:7a", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno67"SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:84", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno83"[root@localhost~]#

注意MAC地址与NAME相匹配(可以用ip addr查看)

4、重启

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

使用

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr1: lo: mtu 65536qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eno16: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.128/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno16

valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b15c/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: eno33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:66brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.129/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno33

valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b166/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever4: eno50: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:70brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.130/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno50

valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b170/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5: eno67: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.131/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno67

valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b17a/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever6: eno83: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:84brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.132/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno83

valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b184/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever7: eno10: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.133/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno10

valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b18e/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@localhost~]#

看见网卡名称都已经更改了

再来设置个静态ip，以eno83为例

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eno83

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

NAME=eno83

UUID=919f599a-c262-4868-be7e-0646b1e98dee

DEVICE=eno83

IPADDR=192.168.140.140

PREFIX=24ONBOOT=yes

[root@localhost network-scripts]#

重启网络

[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network

[root@localhost network-scripts]#

[root@localhost network-scripts]#

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr1: lo: mtu 65536qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eno16: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.128/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno16

valid_lft 1802sec preferred_lft 1802sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b15c/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: eno33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:66brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.129/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno33

valid_lft 1802sec preferred_lft 1802sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b166/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever4: eno50: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:70brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.130/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno50

valid_lft 1803sec preferred_lft 1803sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b170/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5: eno67: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.131/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno67

valid_lft 1803sec preferred_lft 1803sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b17a/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever6: eno83: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:84brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.140/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global eno83

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b184/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever7: eno10: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.140.133/24 brd 192.168.140.255scope global dynamic eno10

valid_lft 1802sec preferred_lft 1802sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b18e/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@localhost network-scripts]#

改好了~

ps：

1、如果没有“配置-3添加设备规则配置文件“这步，其他不变，系统重启后将使用eth0、eth1、eth2、...这样的网卡名，此时系统会尝试启动配置文件(eno16等)描述的网卡，但网卡不存在，这些网卡将启动失败，并且开机后无法重启网络，提示failed to start lsb:bring up/down巴拉巴拉~

2、/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts这里目录里的网卡配置文件不要有多余的，每个ifcfg-xxxx对应且仅对应一个网卡，否则容易造成重启网络失败，提示failed to start lsb:bring up/down巴拉巴拉~

3、按这个顺序更改，可以避免更改网卡名称并重启之后，无法重启network的情况。