python for循环例子_Python For 循环常用示例

Python For 循环常用示例

格式

for {variable} in {some-sequence-type}:

{python-statements}

else:

{python-statements}

常见序列类型：lists，strings，tuples等

示例

Numbers循环

# list

>>> for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:

... print(i)

...

1

2

3

4

5

# 可以把list替换成tuple

>>> for i in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5):

... print(i)

...

1

2

3

4

5

Strings循环

>>> names = ['john', 'raj', 'lisa']

>>> for i in names:

... print(i)

...

john

raj

lisa

Range默认

>>> for i in range(5):

... print(i)

...

0

1

2

3

4

Range(自定义起始和结束值)

>>> for i in range(1, 6):

... print(i)

...

1

2

3

4

5

Range(指定步长)

>>> for i in range(1, 6, 2): # 未指定，默认为1

... print(i)

...

1

3

5

Range(负值)

>>> for i in range(4, -5, -2):

... print(i)

...

4

2

0

-2

-4

Continue

>>> names = ['john', 'lisa', 'raj', 'lisa']

>>> for i in names:

... if i != 'lisa':

... continue # i不等于lisa则跳过本次循环

... print(i)

...

lisa

lisa

Break

>>> names = ['john', 'lisa', 'raj', 'lisa']

>>> for i in names:

... if i == 'raj':

... break # i等于raj则退出整个for循环。

... print(i)

...

john

lisa

有些场景可以使用return替换break，效果是一样的，见《Python Tricks: The BookA Buffet of Awesome Python Features》

For + Else

>>> names = ['john', 'lisa', 'raj', 'lisa']

>>> for i in names:

... print(i)

... else:

... print('--Done--')

...

john

lisa

raj

lisa

--Done--

for循环结束后，执行else语句

For + Break + Else

>>> names = ['john', 'lisa', 'raj', 'lisa']

>>> for i in names:

... if i == 'raj':

... break

... print(i)

... else: # 使用break将不会执行到else语句

... print('--Done--')

...

john

lisa

多重循环

>>> distros = ["centos", "redhat", "ubuntu"]

>>> arch = ["32-bit", "64-bit"]

>>> for i in distros:

... for j in arch:

... print('{} {}'.format(i, j))

... print('--------')

...

centos 32-bit

centos 64-bit

--------

redhat 32-bit

redhat 64-bit

--------

ubuntu 32-bit

ubuntu 64-bit

--------

Lists中的list

>>> multiple_state_lists = [ ["CA","NV","UT"], ["NJ","NY","DE"]]

>>> for state_list in multiple_state_lists:

... for state in state_list:

... print(state)

...

CA

NV

UT

NJ

NY

DE

Enumerate(输出索引)

>>> names = ['john', 'lisa', 'raj', 'lisa']

>>> for index, item in enumerate(names):

... print('{} {}'.format(index, item))

...

0 john

1 lisa

2 raj

3 lisa

Zip(多list使用)

>>> names = ['john', 'lisa', 'raj', 'lisa']

>>> ages = [28, 25, 31, 20]

>>> for item in zip(names, ages):

... print('{name}:{age}'.format(name=item[0], age=item[1]))

...

john:28

lisa:25

raj:31

lisa:20

Dict(items)

>>> peoples = {'john': 28, 'lisa': 25, 'raj': 31}

>>> for k, v in peoples.items():

... print('{name}:{age}'.format(name=k, age=v))

...

raj:31

john:28

lisa:25

推导式(list)

>>> ['Hi' for _ in range(5)]

['Hi', 'Hi', 'Hi', 'Hi', 'Hi']

推导式(dict)

>>> {i: i * 2 for i in range(5)}

{0: 0, 1: 2, 2: 4, 3: 6, 4: 8}

推导式(生成器)

>>> [i for i in (i for i in range(5))]

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

推导式(if语句)

>>> [i for i in range(5) if i % 2]

[1, 3]