python找出在原图中的位置_Python获取照片的位置信息并进行可视化

EXIF

可交换图像文件格式(Exchangeable image file format,简称Exif),专门为数码相机的照片设定的,用于记录照片的属性信息和拍摄数据。Exif信息以0xFFE1作为开头标记,后两个字节表示Exif信息的长度,所以Exif信息最大为64kb,而内部采用TIFF格式。

Python读取Exif信息

通过exifread 第三方库来去读取照片的Exif信息。首先需要安装该库。

pip install exifread

读取照片Exif信息

file="your.jpg"

f=open(file,'rb')

tags = exifread.process_file(f)

f.close()

print(tags['Image ImageWidth']) # 获取图片宽度信息

print(tags['Image Orientation']) # 照片拍摄方向

Exif信息说明

equation?tex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%5Bb%5D+%7B%7D++%5Chline+ExifVersion+%26+Exif+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FlashPixVersion+%26+FlashPix+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ColorSpace+%26+%E8%89%B2%E5%9F%9F%E3%80%81%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4+%5C%5C+%5Chline+PixelXDimension+%26+%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E5%AE%BD%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+PixelYDimension+%26+%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ComponentsConfiguration+%26+%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0+%5C%5C+%5Chline+CompressedBitsPerPixel+%26+%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%97%B6%E6%AF%8F%E5%83%8F%E7%B4%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E4%BD%8D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+MakerNote+%26+%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E5%95%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF+%5C%5C+%5Chline+UserComment+%26+%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA+%5C%5C+%5Chline+RelatedSoundFile+%26+%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E7%9A%84%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+DateTimeOriginal+%26+%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4+%5C%5C+%5Chline+DateTimeDigitized+%26+%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SubsecTime+%26+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%EF%BC%88%E7%A7%92%EF%BC%89+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SubsecTimeOriginal+%26+%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%EF%BC%88%E7%A7%92%EF%BC%89+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SubsecTimeDigitized+%26+%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%88%E7%A7%92%EF%BC%89+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ExposureTime+%26+%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FNumber+%26+%E5%85%89%E5%9C%88%E5%80%BC+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ExposureProgram+%26+%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SpectralSensitivity+%26+%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E7%81%B5%E6%95%8F%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ISOSpeedRatings+%26+%E6%84%9F%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+OECF+%26+%E5%85%89%E7%94%B5%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ShutterSpeedValue+%26+%E5%BF%AB%E9%97%A8%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ApertureValue+%26+%E9%95%9C%E5%A4%B4%E5%85%89%E5%9C%88+%5C%5C+%5Chline+BrightnessValue+%26+%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ExposureBiasValue+%26+%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%E8%A1%A5%E5%81%BF+%5C%5C+%5Chline+MaxApertureValue+%26+%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%89%E5%9C%88+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SubjectDistance+%26+%E7%89%A9%E8%B7%9D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+MeteringMode+%26+%E6%B5%8B%E5%85%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Lightsource+%26+%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Flash+%26+%E9%97%AA%E5%85%89%E7%81%AF+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SubjectArea+%26+%E4%B8%BB%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FocalLength+%26+%E7%84%A6%E8%B7%9D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FlashEnergy+%26+%E9%97%AA%E5%85%89%E7%81%AF%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SpatialFrequencyResponse+%26+%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FocalPlaneXResolution+%26+%E7%84%A6%E8%B7%9D%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2X%E8%BD%B4%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FocalPlaneYResolution+%26+%E7%84%A6%E8%B7%9D%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2Y%E8%BD%B4%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FocalPlaneResolutionUnit+%26+%E7%84%A6%E8%B7%9D%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%BA%A6%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SubjectLocation+%26+%E4%B8%BB%E4%BD%93%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ExposureIndex+%26+%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SensingMethod+%26+%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FileSource+%26+%E6%BA%90%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SceneType+%26+%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%EF%BC%881+%3D%3D+%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%8B%8D%E6%91%84%EF%BC%89+%5C%5C+%5Chline+CFAPattern+%26+CFA+%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+CustomRendered+%26+%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ExposureMode+%26+%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+WhiteBalance+%26+%E7%99%BD%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%EF%BC%881+%3D%3D+%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%8C2+%3D%3D+%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%89+%5C%5C+%5Chline+DigitalZoomRation+%26+%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%98%E7%84%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+FocalLengthIn35mmFilm+%26+35%E6%AF%AB%E7%B1%B3%E8%83%B6%E7%89%87%E7%84%A6%E8%B7%9D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SceneCaptureType+%26+%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E6%8B%8D%E6%91%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GainControl+%26+%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Contrast+%26+%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Saturation+%26+%E9%A5%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Sharpness+%26+%E9%94%90%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+DeviceSettingDescription+%26+%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E8%AE%BE%E5%AE%9A%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0+%5C%5C+%5Chline+SubjectDistanceRange+%26+%E4%B8%BB%E4%BD%93%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4+%5C%5C+%5Chline+InteroperabilityIFDPointer+%26++%5C%5C+%5Chline+ImageUniqueID+%26+%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80ID+%5C%5C+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5C%5C

Exif标识

equation?tex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%5Bb%5D+%7B%7D++%5Chline+GPSLatitudeRef+%26+%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%AC+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSLatitude+%26+%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSLongitudeRef+%26+%E4%B8%9C%E8%A5%BF%E7%BB%8F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSLongitude+%26+%E7%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSAltitudeRef+%26+%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94%E5%8F%82%E7%85%A7%E5%80%BC+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSAltitude+%26+%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSTimeStamp+%26+GPS+%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%88%B3+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSSatellites+%26+%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSStatus+%26+%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E5%99%A8%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSMeasureMode+%26+%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDOP+%26+%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E7%B2%BE%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSSpeedRef+%26+%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSSpeed+%26+GPS+%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E5%99%A8%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSTrackRef+%26+%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E5%8F%82%E7%85%A7+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSTrack+%26+%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSImgDirectionRef+%26+%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E5%8F%82%E7%85%A7+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSImgDirection+%26+%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSMapDatum+%26+%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDestLatitudeRef+%26+%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6%E5%8F%82%E7%85%A7+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDestLatitude+%26+%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDestLongitudeRef+%26+%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E7%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6%E5%8F%82%E7%85%A7+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDestLongitude+%26+%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E7%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDestBearingRef+%26+%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E5%8F%82%E7%85%A7+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDestBearing+%26+%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDestDistanceRef+%26+%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%E5%8F%82%E7%85%A7+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDestDistance+%26+%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSProcessingMethod+%26+GPS+%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSAreaInformation+%26+GPS+%E5%8C%BA%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%98%E6%95%B0%E5%90%8D+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDateStamp+%26+GPS+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F+%5C%5C+%5Chline+GPSDifferential+%26+GPS+%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3+%5C%5C+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5C%5C

GPS信息

equation?tex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%5Bb%5D+%7B%7D++%5Chline+ImageWidth+%26+%E5%AE%BD%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Model+%26+%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%B7+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ImageHeight+%26+%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Orientation+%26+%E6%8B%8D%E6%91%84%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91+%5C%5C+%5Chline++DateTime+%26+%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4+%5C%5C+%5Chline+YCbCrPositioning+%26+%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B8%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE+%5C%5C+%5Chline++ExifOffset+%26++%5C%5C+%5Chline+ResolutionUnit+%26+%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E7%8E%87%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D+%5C%5C+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5C%5C

图片相关

equation?tex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%5Bb%5D+%7B%7D++%5Chline+ImageWidth+%26+%E5%AE%BD%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Model+%26+%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%B7+%5C%5C+%5Chline+ImageHeight+%26+%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6+%5C%5C+%5Chline+Orientation+%26+%E6%8B%8D%E6%91%84%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91+%5C%5C+%5Chline++DateTime+%26+%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4+%5C%5C+%5Chline+YCbCrPositioning+%26+%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B8%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE+%5C%5C+%5Chline++ExifOffset+%26++%5C%5C+%5Chline+ResolutionUnit+%26+%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E7%8E%87%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D+%5C%5C+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5C%5C

坐标转换

通过exifread获取的经纬度信息格式通常是下面这样的

纬度 [30, 31, 466751/10000] 经度 [114, 21, 2331/250]

转换公式如下:

度 = 度 + 分/60 + 秒/3600

[30, 31, 466751/10000] = 30 + 31 / 60 + 46.6751 / 3600 = 30.529631972222223

因此坐标转换代码如下:

def convert_gps(coord_arr):

arr = str(coord_arr).replace('[', '').replace(']', '').split(', ')

d = float(arr[0])

m = float(arr[1])

s = float(arr[2].split('/')[0]) / float(arr[2].split('/')[1])

源代码如下:

import os

import exifread

path = r'D:\Camera'

def getfiles(path):

data = []

for root,dirs,files in os.walk(path):

for name in files:

fpath = os.path.join(root,name)

try:

info = readExif(fpath)

data.append(info)

except:

pass

f = open('ploc.csv','a')

f.write('dtime,latitude,longitude,altitude\n')

f.write(''.join(data))

f.close()

def convert_gps(coord_arr):

arr = str(coord_arr).replace('[', '').replace(']', '').split(', ')

d = float(arr[0])

m = float(arr[1])

s = float(arr[2].split('/')[0]) / float(arr[2].split('/')[1])

return float(d) + (float(m) / 60) + (float(s) / 3600)

def readExif(file):

f=open(file,'rb')

tags = exifread.process_file(f,details=False,stop_tag='TAG')

f.close()

lat = tags['GPS GPSLatitude'].printable

lat = convert_gps(lat)

lon = tags['GPS GPSLongitude'].printable

lon = convert_gps(lon)

altitude = tags['GPS GPSAltitude'].printable

altitude = float(altitude.split('/')[0]) / float(altitude.split('/')[1])

dtime = tags['Image DateTime'].printable

return dtime + ','+ str(lat) + ',' + str(lon) + ',' + str(altitude) +'\n'

getfiles(path)

将坐标信息保存在CSV文件中,就可以进行照片点位置可视化啦。

可视化

如果你嫌麻烦,那么推荐Mapbox出品的可视化工具进行可视化,直接将上面得到的CSV文件拖入即可。Data explorer​www.mapbox.cn

以下是我2019年的照片位置可视化。

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