线性最小二乘法的matlab程序,曲线拟合的线性最小二乘法及其MATLAB程序

曲线拟合的线性最小二乘法及其MATLAB程序

函数逼近与曲线拟合 1 曲线拟合的线性最小二乘法及其MATLAB程序 例7.2.1 给出一组数据点列入表7–2中，试用线性最小二乘法求拟合曲线，并用(7.2)，(7.3)和(7.4)式估计其误差，作出拟合曲线. 表7–2 例7.2.1的一组数据 xi -2.5 -1.7 -1.1 -0.8 0 0.1 1.5 2.7 3.6 yi -192.9 -85.50 -36.15 -26.52 -9.10 -8.43 -13.12 6.50 68.04 解 (1)在MATLAB工作窗口输入程序 >> x=[-2.5 -1.7 -1.1 -0.8 0 0.1 1.5 2.7 3.6]; y=[-192.9 -85.50 -36.15 -26.52 -9.10 -8.43 -13.12 6.50 68.04]; plot(x,y, r* ), legend( 实验数据(xi,yi) ) xlabel( x ), ylabel( y ), title( 例7.2.1的数据点(xi,yi)的散点图 ) 运行后屏幕显示数据的散点图(略). (3)编写下列MATLAB程序计算在处的函数值，即输入程序 >> syms a1 a2 a3 a4 x=[-2.5 -1.7 -1.1 -0.8 0 0.1 1.5 2.7 3.6]; fi=a1.*x.^3+ a2.*x.^2+ a3.*x+ a4 运行后屏幕显示关于a1,a2, a3和a4的线性方程组 fi =[ -125/8*a1+25/4*a2-5/2*a3+a4, -4913/1000*a1+289/100*a2-17/10*a3+a4, -1331/1000*a1+121/100*a2-11/10*a3+a4, -64/125*a1+16/25*a2-4/5*a3+a4, a4, 1/1000*a1+1/100*a2+1/10*a3+a4, 27/8*a1+9/4*a2+3/2*a3+a4, 19683/1000*a1+729/100*a2+27/10*a3+a4, 5832/125*a1+324/25*a2+18/5*a3+a4] 编写构造误差平方和的MATLAB程序 >> y=[-192.9 -85.50 -36.15 -26.52 -9.10 -8.43 -13.12 6.50 68.04]; fi=[-125/8*a1+25/4*a2-5/2*a3+a4, -4913/1000*a1+289/100*a2-17/10*a3+a4, -1331/1000*a1+121/100*a2-11/10*a3+a4, -64/125*a1+16/25*a2-4/5*a3+a4, a4, 1/1000*a1+1/100*a2+1/10*a3+a4, 27/8*a1+9/4*a2+3/2*a3+a4, 19683/1000*a1+729/100*a2+27/10*a3+a4, 5832/125*a1+324/25*a2+18/5*a3+a4]; fy=fi-y; fy2=fy.^2; J=sum(fy.^2) 运行后屏幕显示误差平方和如下 J= (-125/8*a1+25/4*a2-5/2*a3+a4+1929/10)^2+(-4913/1000*a1+289/100*a2-17/10*a3+a4+171/2)^2+(-1331/1000*a1+121/100*a2-11/10*a3+a4+723/20)^2+(-64/125*a1+16/25*a2-4/5*a3+a4+663/25)^2+(a4+91/10)^2+(1/1000*a1+1/100*a2+1/10*a3+a4+843/100)^2+(27/8*a1+9/4*a2+3/2*a3+a4+328/25)^2+(19683/1000*a1+729/100*a2+27/10*a3+a4-13/2)^2+(5832/125*a1+324/25*a2+18/5*a3+a4-1701/25)^2 为求使达到最小，只需利用极值的必要条件 ，得到关于的线性方程组，这可以由下面的MATLAB程序完成，即输入程序 >> syms a1 a2 a3 a4 J=(-125/8*a1+25/4*a2-5/2*a3+a4+1929/10)^2+(-4913/1000*a1+289/100*a2-17/10*a3+a4.+171/2)^2+(-1331/1000*a1+121/100*a2-11/10*a3+a4+723/20)^2+(-64/125*a1+16/25*a2-4/5*a3+a4+663/25)^2+(a4+91/10)^2+(1/1000*a1+1/100*a2+1/10*a3+a4+843/100)^2+(27/8*a1+9/4*a2+3/2*a3+a4+328/25)^2+(19683/1000*a1+729/100*a2+27/10*a3+a4-13/2)^2+(5832/125*a1+324/25*a2+18/5*a3+a4-1701/25)^2; Ja1=diff(J,a1); Ja2=diff(J,a2); Ja3=diff(J,a3); Ja4=diff(J,a4); Ja11=simple(Ja1), Ja21=simple(Ja2), Ja31=simple(Ja3), Ja41=simple(Ja4), 运行后屏幕显示J分别对a1, a2 ,a3 ,a4的偏导数如下 Ja11= 56918107/10000*a1+32097579/25000*a2+1377283/2500*a3+23667/250*a4-8442429/625 Ja21 = 32097579/25000*a1+1377283/2500*a2+23667/250*a3+67*a4+767319/625 Ja31 = 1377283/2500*a1+23667/250*a2+67*a3+18/5*a4-232638/125 Ja41 = 23667/250*a1+67*a2+18/5*a3+18*a4+14859/25 解线性方程组Ja11 =0，Ja21 =0，Ja31 =0，Ja41 =0，输入下列程序 >>A=[56918107/10000, 32097579/25000, 1377283/2500, 23667/250; 32097579/25000, 1377283/2500, 23667/250, 67; 1377283/2500, 23667/250, 67, 18/5; 23667/250, 67, 18/5, 18]; B=[8442429/625, -767319/625, 232638/125, -14859/25]; C=B/A, f=poly2sym(C) 运行