python查找指定字符所在行号_在python中获取当前位置所在的行号和函数名

对于python，这几天一直有两个问题在困扰我:

1.python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名。这是有人在论坛里提出的问题，底下一群人只是在猜测python为什么不像__file__一样提供__line__和__func__，但是却最终也没有找到解决方案。

2.如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下，怎么才能递归调用自己。这是我一个同事问我的，其实也是获取函数名，但是当时也是回答不出来。

但是今晚！所有的问题都有了答案。 一切还要从我用python的logging模块说起，logging中的format中是有如下选项的:

%(name)s Name of the logger (logging channel)

%(levelno)s Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,

WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)

%(levelname)s Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO",

"WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL")

%(pathname)s Full pathname of the source file where the logging

call was issued (if available)

%(filename)s Filename portion of pathname

%(module)s Module (name portion of filename)

%(lineno)d Source line number where the logging call was issued

(if available)

%(funcName)s Function name

%(created)f Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()

return value)

%(asctime)s Textual time when the LogRecord was created

%(msecs)d Millisecond portion of the creation time

%(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,

relative to the time the logging module was loaded

(typically at application startup time)

%(thread)d Thread ID (if available)

%(threadName)s Thread name (if available)

%(process)d Process ID (if available)

%(message)s The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as

the record is emitted

也就是说，logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的，那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢？ 我们来看一下源码，主要部分如下:

def currentframe():

"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""

try:

raise Exception

except:

return sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back

def findCaller(self):

"""

Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source

file name, line number and function name.

"""

f = currentframe()

#On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if

#IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.

if f is not None:

f = f.f_back

rv = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"

while hasattr(f, "f_code"):

co = f.f_code

filename = os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)

if filename == _srcfile:

f = f.f_back

continue

rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)

break

return rv

def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None):

"""

Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls

all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.

"""

if _srcfile:

#IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an

#exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that

#IronPython can use logging.

try:

fn, lno, func = self.findCaller()

except ValueError:

fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"

else:

fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"

if exc_info:

if not isinstance(exc_info, tuple):

exc_info = sys.exc_info()

record = self.makeRecord(self.name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra)

self.handle(record)

我简单解释一下，实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常，然后通过向上查找的方式，找到调用的信息。其中

rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)

的三个值分别为文件名，行号，函数名。(可以去http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明) OK，如果已经看懂了源码，那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了，代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'''

#=============================================================================

# Author: dantezhu - https://www.vimer.cn

# Email: zny2008@gmail.com

# FileName: xf.py

# Description: 获取当前位置的行号和函数名

# Version: 1.0

# LastChange: 2010-12-17 01:19:19

# History:

#=============================================================================

'''

import sys

def get_cur_info():

"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""

try:

raise Exception

except:

f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back

return (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)

def callfunc():

print get_cur_info()

if __name__ == '__main__':

callfunc()

输入结果是:

('callfunc', 24)

符合预期~~ 哈哈，OK！现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧~ ============================================================================= 后来发现，其实也可以有更简单的方法，如下:

import sys

def get_cur_info():

print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name

print sys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name

get_cur_info()

调用结果是:

get_cur_info