python中字符串中第一个字符的索引是什么_如何查找字符串中任意一组字符的第一个索引...

使用gen exp和^{}方法。>>> a = [' ', '!']

>>> s = "Hello World!"

>>> min(s.find(i) for i in a)

5

若要删除出现的-1s，可以在列表组件中使用筛选器>>> a = [' ', '!','$']

>>> s = "Hello World!"

>>> min(s.find(i) for i in a if i in s)

5

或者你可以用None>>> min(s.find(i) if i in s else None for i in a)

5

添加timeit结果$ python -m timeit "a = [' ', '\!'];s = 'Hello World\!';min(s.find(i) for i in a if i in s)"

1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.902 usec per loop

$ python -m timeit "a = [' ', '\!'];s = 'Hello World\!';next((i for i, ch in enumerate(s) if ch in a),None)"

1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.25 usec per loop

$ python -m timeit "a = [' ', '\!'];s = 'Hello World\!';min(map(lambda x: (s.index(x) if (x in s) else len(s)), a))"

1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.12 usec per loop

在你的例子中，Padraic的漂亮解决方案有点慢。然而，在大型测试用例中，它绝对是赢家。(有点奇怪的是，alfasin的“没有优化”在这里也更快)

添加了实现细节>>> def take1(s,a):

... min(s.find(i) for i in a if i in s)

...

>>> import dis

>>> dis.dis(take1)

2 0 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (min)

3 LOAD_CLOSURE 0 (s)

6 BUILD_TUPLE 1

9 LOAD_CONST 1 ( at 0x7fa622e961b0, file "", line 2>)

12 MAKE_CLOSURE 0

15 LOAD_FAST 1 (a)

18 GET_ITER

19 CALL_FUNCTION 1

22 CALL_FUNCTION 1

25 POP_TOP

26 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)

29 RETURN_VALUE

>>> def take2(s,a):

... next((i for i, ch in enumerate(s) if ch in a),None)

...

>>> dis.dis(take2)

2 0 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (next)

3 LOAD_CLOSURE 0 (a)

6 BUILD_TUPLE 1

9 LOAD_CONST 1 ( at 0x7fa622e96e30, file "", line 2>)

12 MAKE_CLOSURE 0

15 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (enumerate)

18 LOAD_FAST 0 (s)

21 CALL_FUNCTION 1

24 GET_ITER

25 CALL_FUNCTION 1

28 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)

31 CALL_FUNCTION 2

34 POP_TOP

35 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)

38 RETURN_VALUE

>>> def take3(s,a):

... min(map(lambda x: (s.index(x) if (x in s) else len(s)), a))

...

>>> dis.dis(take3)

2 0 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (min)

3 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (map)

6 LOAD_CLOSURE 0 (s)

9 BUILD_TUPLE 1

12 LOAD_CONST 1 ( at 0x7fa622e44eb0, file "", line 2>)

15 MAKE_CLOSURE 0

18 LOAD_FAST 1 (a)

21 CALL_FUNCTION 2

24 CALL_FUNCTION 1

27 POP_TOP

28 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)

31 RETURN_VALUE

在Padraic的例子中可以清楚地看到，加载全局函数next和enumerate是与最后的None一起消磨时间的函数。在alfasin的溶液中，主要的减慢是lambda函数。