long在python中的意思_在Python中,整数被提升为long但反之亦然.为什么？

当一个数字的值超出整数范围时,python将它提升为long.但是当值回到整数范围时,为什么不将它降级为int？

>>> i=2147483647

>>> type(i)

>>> i = i + 1

>>> type(i)

>>> i = i - 10

>>> type(i)

>>> i

2147483638L

>>>

解决方法:

从python source(在文件Objects / longobject.c中)：

static PyLongObject *

x_add(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)

{

Py_ssize_t size_a = ABS(a->ob_size), size_b = ABS(b->ob_size);

PyLongObject *z;

int i;

digit carry = 0;

/* Ensure a is the larger of the two: */

if (size_a < size_b) {

{ PyLongObject *temp = a; a = b; b = temp; }

{ Py_ssize_t size_temp = size_a;

size_a = size_b;

size_b = size_temp; }

}

z = _PyLong_New(size_a+1);

if (z == NULL)

return NULL;

for (i = 0; i < size_b; ++i) {

carry += a->ob_digit[i] + b->ob_digit[i];

z->ob_digit[i] = carry & MASK;

carry >>= SHIFT;

}

for (; i < size_a; ++i) {

carry += a->ob_digit[i];

z->ob_digit[i] = carry & MASK;

carry >>= SHIFT;

}

z->ob_digit[i] = carry;

return long_normalize(z);

}

/* Subtract the absolute values of two integers. */

static PyLongObject *

x_sub(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)

{

Py_ssize_t size_a = ABS(a->ob_size), size_b = ABS(b->ob_size);

PyLongObject *z;

Py_ssize_t i;

int sign = 1;

digit borrow = 0;

/* Ensure a is the larger of the two: */

if (size_a < size_b) {

sign = -1;

{ PyLongObject *temp = a; a = b; b = temp; }

{ Py_ssize_t size_temp = size_a;

size_a = size_b;

size_b = size_temp; }

}

else if (size_a == size_b) {

/* Find highest digit where a and b differ: */

i = size_a;

while (--i >= 0 && a->ob_digit[i] == b->ob_digit[i])

;

if (i < 0)

return _PyLong_New(0);

if (a->ob_digit[i] < b->ob_digit[i]) {

sign = -1;

{ PyLongObject *temp = a; a = b; b = temp; }

}

size_a = size_b = i+1;

}

z = _PyLong_New(size_a);

if (z == NULL)

return NULL;

for (i = 0; i < size_b; ++i) {

/* The following assumes unsigned arithmetic

works module 2**N for some N>SHIFT. */

borrow = a->ob_digit[i] - b->ob_digit[i] - borrow;

z->ob_digit[i] = borrow & MASK;

borrow >>= SHIFT;

borrow &= 1; /* Keep only one sign bit */

}

for (; i < size_a; ++i) {

borrow = a->ob_digit[i] - borrow;

z->ob_digit[i] = borrow & MASK;

borrow >>= SHIFT;

borrow &= 1; /* Keep only one sign bit */

}

assert(borrow == 0);

if (sign < 0)

z->ob_size = -(z->ob_size);

return long_normalize(z);

}

请注意,两个过程的返回类型都是PyLongObject *.

这表明,long的加法和减法在python中产生更多的long,无论值是否适合整数.

例：

>>> 3L + 4L

7L

here是python的强制规则,具体来说：

For objects x and y, first x.__add__(y) is tried. If this is not

implemented or returns NotImplemented, y.__add__(x) is tried. If this

is also not implemented or returns NotImplemented, a TypeError

exception is raised.

所以做i – 10,我很长,导致另一个长.

标签：python,types