Python的标准模块datetime模块,在我们的工作中应用非常频繁,下面对datetime中常用的方法进行了总结和测试;对每一个方法都使用了单元测试框架Unittest来配合测试。
主要的类型有:
首先要导入datetime模块:from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
一、自己定义时间格式:1、datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26);2、datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
二、将datetime转化成timestamp格式:datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).timestamp()
三、将timestamp转化成datetime格式:datetime.fromtimestamp(1487750726.0)
四、将datetime转化成str格式:datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
五、利用timedelta进行时间相加:datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=10, days=2)
六、利用timedelta进行时间相减:datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 14:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - timedelta(hours=1)
八、转换时区:
utc_datetime = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
# 北京时间
bj_datetime = utc_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
# 东京时间
dj_datetime = bj_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=9)))
下面的就是代码,testDatetime.py:
#coding=utf-8
"""testDatetime.py
datetime模块练习"""
importunittestfrom datetime importdatetime, timedelta, timezoneclassTestDatetime(unittest.TestCase):deftest_get_datetime(self):"""指定日期和时间datetime"""expected= "2017-02-22 16:05:26"actual= datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26)#print(actual)
self.assertEqual(expected, str(actual))deftest_datetime_translation_timestamp(self):"""将datetime转化成timestamp,返回的是秒"""expected= 1487750726.0actual= datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).timestamp()#print(type(actual))
self.assertEqual(expected, actual)deftest_timestamp_translation_datetime(self):"""将timestamp转化成datetime格式"""expected= "2017-02-22 16:05:26"actual= datetime.fromtimestamp(1487750726.0)#print(actual)
self.assertEqual(expected, str(actual))deftest_str_translation_datetime(self):"""将str转化成datetime格式"""expected= datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26)
actual= datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#print(actual)
self.assertEqual(expected, actual)deftest_datetime_translation_str(self):"""将datetime转化成str"""excepted= '2017-02-22 16:05:26'actual= datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#print(type(actual))
self.assertEqual(excepted, actual)deftest_datetime_add(self):"""利用timedelta进行时间相加"""
#加1小时
excepted1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
actual1= datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=1)#加2天,10小时
excepted2 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-25 02:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
actual2= datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=10, days=2)
self.assertEqual(excepted1, actual1)
self.assertEqual(excepted2, actual2)deftest_datetime_plus(self):"""利用timedelta进行时间相减"""
#减1小时
excepted1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
actual1= datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - timedelta(hours=1)
self.assertEqual(excepted1, actual1)deftest_timezone_translation(self):"""转换时区"""utc_datetime= datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))#北京时间
bj_datetime = utc_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))#东京时间
dj_datetime = bj_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=9)))#print(dj_datetime)
self.assertEqual((bj_datetime + timedelta(hours=1)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), dj_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
还有测试结果图(全部测试通过):