python主讲移动端自动化测试框架appium_python+appium+yaml移动端自动化测试框架实现详解...

结构介绍

之前分享过一篇安卓UI测试，但是没有实现数据与代码分离，后期维护成本较高，所以最近抽空优化了一下。

不想看文章得可以直接去Github，欢迎拍砖

大致结构如下：

testyaml管理用例，实现数据与代码分离，一个模块一个文件夹

public 存放公共文件，如读取配置文件、启动appium服务、读取Yaml文件、定义日志格式等

page 存放最小测试用例集，一个模块一个文件夹

results 存放测试报告及失败截图

logs 存放日志

testcase 存放测试用例runtest.py 运行所有测试用例

yaml格式介绍

首先看下yaml文件的格式，之前也写过一点关于yaml语法学习的文章

testcase部分是重点，其中：

element_info：定位元素信息

find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids

operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就四种

上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!!

send_content：send_keys 时用到

index：ids时用到

times: 返回次数或者上滑次数

testinfo:

- id: cm001

title: 新增终端门店

execute: 1

testcase:

-

element_info: 客户

find_type: text

operate_type: click

-

element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/cm_topbar_tv_right

find_type: id

operate_type: click

-

element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/custview_id_singletv_inputtext

find_type: ids

operate_type: send_keys

send_content: auto0205

index: 0

-

element_info:

find_type:

operate_type: swipe_up

times: 1

-

element_info: 提交

find_type: text

operate_type: click

-

element_info:

find_type:

operate_type: back

times: 1

代码部分

公共部分

个人觉得核心的就是公共部分，相当于建房子，公共部分搞好了，后面仅仅是调用即可，建房子把架子搭好，后面就添砖加瓦吧。

读取配置文件readconfig.py

设置日志格式logs.py

获取设备GetDevices.py

这几个通用的就不做介绍了

读取yaml文件 GetYaml.py

主要用来读取yaml文件

#coding=utf-8

#author='Shichao-Dong'

import sys

reload(sys)

sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

import yaml

import codecs

class getyaml:

def __init__(self,path):

self.path = path

def getYaml(self):

'''

读取yaml文件

:param path: 文件路径

:return:

'''

try:

f = open(self.path)

data =yaml.load(f)

f.close()

return data

except Exception:

print(u"未找到yaml文件")

def alldata(self):

data =self.getYaml()

return data

def caselen(self):

data = self.alldata()

length = len(data['testcase'])

return length

def get_elementinfo(self,i):

data = self.alldata()

# print data['testcase'][i]['element_info']

return data['testcase'][i]['element_info']

def get_findtype(self,i):

data = self.alldata()

# print data['testcase'][i]['find_type']

return data['testcase'][i]['find_type']

def get_operate_type(self,i):

data = self.alldata()

# print data['testcase'][i]['operate_type']

return data['testcase'][i]['operate_type']

def get_index(self,i):

data = self.alldata()

if self.get_findtype(i)=='ids':

return data['testcase'][i]['index']

else:

pass

def get_send_content(self,i):

data = self.alldata()

# print data['testcase'][i]['send_content']

if self.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys':

return data['testcase'][i]['send_content']

else:

pass

def get_backtimes(self,i):

data = self.alldata()

if self.get_operate_type(i)=='back' or self.get_operate_type(i)=='swipe_up':

return data['testcase'][i]['times']

else:

pass

def get_title(self):

data = self.alldata()

# print data['testinfo'][0]['title']

return data['testinfo'][0]['title']

启动appium服务 StartAppiumServer.py

主要是启动appium并返回端口port,这个port在下面的driver中需要

#coding=utf-8

#author='Shichao-Dong'

from logs import log

import random,time

import platform

import os

from GetDevices import devices

log = log()

dev = devices().get_deviceName()

class Sp:

def __init__(self, device):

self.device = device

def __start_driver(self, aport, bpport):

"""

:return:

"""

if platform.system() == 'Windows':

import subprocess

subprocess.Popen("appium -p %s -bp %s -U %s" %

(aport, bpport, self.device), shell=True)

def start_appium(self):

"""

启动appium

p:appium port

bp:bootstrap port

:return: 返回appium端口参数

"""

aport = random.randint(4700, 4900)

bpport = random.randint(4700, 4900)

self.__start_driver(aport, bpport)

log.info(

'start appium :p %s bp %s device:%s' %

(aport, bpport, self.device))

time.sleep(10)

return aport

def main(self):

"""

:return: 启动appium

"""

return self.start_appium()

def stop_appium(self):

'''

停止appium

:return:

'''

if platform.system() == 'Windows':

os.popen("taskkill /f /im node.exe")

if __name__ == '__main__':

s = Sp(dev)

s.main()

获取driver GetDriver.py

platformName、deviceName、appPackage、appActivity这些卸载配置文件config.ini文件中，可以直接通过readconfig.py文件读取获得。

appium_port有StartAppiumServer.py文件返回

s = Sp(deviceName)

appium_port = s.main()

def mydriver():

desired_caps = {

'platformName':platformName,'deviceName':deviceName, 'platformVersion':platformVersion,

'appPackage':appPackage,'appActivity':appActivity,

'unicodeKeyboard':True,'resetKeyboard':True,'noReset':True

}

try:

driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:%s/wd/hub'%appium_port,desired_caps)

time.sleep(4)

log.info('获取driver成功')

return driver

except WebDriverException:

print 'No driver'

if __name__ == "__main__":

mydriver()

重新封装find等命令，BaseOperate.py

里面主要是一些上滑、返回、find等一些基础操作

#coding=utf-8

#author='Shichao-Dong'

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

from logs import log

import os

import time

'''

一些基础操作：滑动、截图、点击页面元素等

'''

class BaseOperate:

def __init__(self,driver):

self.driver = driver

def back(self):

'''

返回键

:return:

'''

os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")

def get_window_size(self):

'''

获取屏幕大小

:return: windowsize

'''

global windowSize

windowSize = self.driver.get_window_size()

return windowSize

def swipe_up(self):

'''

向上滑动

:return:

'''

windowsSize = self.get_window_size()

width = windowsSize.get("width")

height = windowsSize.get("height")

self.driver.swipe(width/2, height*3/4, width/2, height/4, 1000)

def screenshot(self):

now=time.strftime("%y%m%d-%H-%M-%S")

PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(

os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)

)

screenshoot_path = PATH('../results/screenshoot/')

self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screenshoot_path+now+'.png')

def find_id(self,id):

'''

寻找元素

:return:

'''

exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id)

if exsit :

return True

else:

return False

def find_name(self,name):

'''

判断页面是否存在某个元素

:param name: text

:return:

'''

findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)

exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)

if exsit :

return True

else:

return False

def get_name(self,name):

'''

定位页面text元素

:param name:

:return:

'''

# element = driver.find_element_by_name(name)

# return element

findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)

try:

element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(findname))

# element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)

self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)

return element

except:

self.screenshot()

log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(name)

def get_id(self,id):

'''

定位页面resouce-id元素

:param id:

:return:

'''

try:

element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id(id))

# element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id)

self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)

return element

except:

self.screenshot()

log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id)

def get_xpath(self,xpath):

'''

定位页面xpath元素

:param id:

:return:

'''

try:

element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(xpath))

# element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)

self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)

return element

except:

self.screenshot()

log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(xpath)

def get_ids(self,id):

'''

定位页面resouce-id元素组

:param id:

:return:列表

'''

try:

# elements = self.driver.find_elements_by_id(id)

elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_elements_by_id(id))

self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)

return elements

except:

self.screenshot()

log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id)

def page(self,name):

'''

返回至指定页面

:return:

'''

i=0

while i<10:

i=i+1

try:

findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)

self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)

self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)

break

except :

os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")

try:

findname = "//*[@text='确定']"

self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname).click()

self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)

except:

os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")

try:

self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@text='工作台']")

self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)

break

except:

os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")

Operate.py

我认为最关键的一步了，后面没有page都是调用这个文件进行测试，主要是根据读取的yaml文件，然后进行if...else...判断，根据对应的operate_type分别进行对应的click、sendkeys等操作

#coding=utf-8

#author='Shichao-Dong'

from GetYaml import getyaml

from BaseOperate import BaseOperate

class Operate:

def __init__(self,path,driver):

self.path = path

self.driver = driver

self.yaml = getyaml(self.path)

self.baseoperate=BaseOperate(driver)

def check_operate_type(self):

'''

读取yaml信息并执行

element_info：定位元素信息

find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids

operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就三种

上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!!

send_content：send_keys 时用到

index：ids时用到

times:

:return:

'''

for i in range(self.yaml.caselen()):

if self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'click':

if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text':

self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()

elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id':

self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()

elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath':

self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()

elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids':

self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].click()

elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys':

if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text':

self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))

elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id':

self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))

elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath':

self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))

elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids':

self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))

elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'back':

for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)):

self.baseoperate.back()

elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'swipe_up':

for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)):

self.baseoperate.swipe_up()

def back_home(self):

'''

返回至工作台

:return:

'''

self.baseoperate.page('工作台')

公共部分的代码就介绍这么多，在编写这个框架的时候，大部分精力都花在这部分，所以个人觉得还是值得好好研究的

Page部分

page部分是最小用例集，一个模块一个文件夹，以客户为例，

目前写了两个用例，一个新增，一个排序，文件如下：

代码如下，非常的简洁,

import sys

reload(sys)

sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

import codecs,os

from public.Operate import Operate

from public.GetYaml import getyaml

PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(

os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)

)

yamlpath = PATH("../../testyaml/cm/cm-001addcm.yaml")

class AddcmPage:

def __init__(self,driver):

self.path = yamlpath

self.driver = driver

self.operate = Operate(self.path,self.driver)

def operateap(self):

self.operate.check_operate_type()

def home(self):

self.operate.back_home()

运行用例

这部分用了unittest,运行所有测试用例和生成报告。

一个模块一个用例，以客户为例：CmTest.py

from page.cm.CmAddcmPage import AddcmPage

from page.cm.CmSortcmPage import SortcmPage

from public.GetDriver import mydriver

driver = mydriver()

import unittest,time

class Cm(unittest.TestCase):

def test_001addcm(self):

'''

新增客户

:return:

'''

add = AddcmPage(driver)

add.operateap()

add.home()

def test_002sortcm(self):

'''

客户排序

:return:

'''

sort = SortcmPage(driver)

sort.sortlist()

sort.home()

def test_999close(self):

driver.quit()

time.sleep(10)

if __name__ == "__main__":

unittest.main()

首先从page层将需要运行的用例都import进来，然后用unittest运行即可。

如果想要运行所有的测试用例，需要用到runtest.py

import time,os

import unittest

import HTMLTestRunner

from testcase.CmTest import Cm

def testsuit():

suite = unittest.TestSuite()

suite.addTests([unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(Cm),

])

# runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)

# runner.run(suite)

now=time.strftime("%y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")

PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(

os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)

)

dirpath = PATH("./results/waiqin365-")

filename=dirpath + now +'result.html'

fp=open(filename,'wb')

runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='waiqin365 6.0.6beta test result',description=u'result:')

runner.run(suite)

fp.close()

if __name__ =="__main__":

testsuit()

这边的思路差不多，也是先导入再装入suite即可

总结

就目前而言，暂时算是实现了数据与用例的分离，但是yaml的编写要求较高，不能格式上出错。

同时也有一些其他可以优化的地方，如：

对弹窗的判断

断开后重连机制

失败后重跑机制

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