python123第三章答案_Python核心编程课后习题-第三章

3-1

Python是动态语言，对象的类型和内存都是在运行时确定的。

3-2

Python 中每个函数都会有返回值，如果没有指定，则返回None

如果有return 语句，则返回 return 语句的值

3-3

单下划线 类似于protect

双下划线 类似于private

使用双下划线后，该变量只可以在类里面使用

3-4

可以写多个语句，用 分号 ; 隔开

3-5

一个语句可以分成多行写 ，使用 \ 连接在上一行的末尾

3-6

(a) 多元赋值 x = 1,y = 2,z = 3

(b) 多元赋值，可以看做是交换(同时执行)， z = y = 2, x = z = 3,y = x =1

3-7

不合法的标识符

40XL $aving$ 0x40L big-daddy

2hot2touch thisIsn'tAvar counter-1

关键字

print self __name__ bool type True if

3-8

详情代码看Github

page52 makeTextFile.py 有错误，在10行应该添加

if 跟 else 还需要缩进，不然会报错

在win环境下，输入的文件名应该包含路径，而且路径的分隔符是 / (正斜杠)

3-9

os.linesep不同操作系统下的输出

win '\r\n'

Linux '\n'

Mac '\r'

3-10

try ... catch 与 if 的使用：

当条件多为真时，使用if

当条件多为假时，使用try ... catch

makeFile.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding = utf-8

'makeTextFile.py -- create text file'

import os

ls = os.linesep

# get filename

while True:

fname = raw_input("Please input file name:\n")

try:

with open(fname,'r'): # success ,file exists ; failed, file not exists

print "File exists"

except IOError: #open failed

break

#get file content (text) linesall = []

print "\nEnter lines ('.' by itself to quite) ."

#loop until user terminates input

while True:

entry = raw_input('>>>')

if entry == '.':

break

else:

all.append(entry)

#write lines to file with proper line-ending

fobj = open(fname, 'w')

fobj.writelines(['%s%s' %(x, ls) for x in all])

fobj.close()

print 'Done!'

readFile.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os

'readTextFile.py -- read and display text file'

while True:

# get filename

fname = raw_input("Enter filename: ")

print

# attempt to open file for reading

if not os.path.exists(fname):

print " *** file open error!\n"

else:

fobj = open(fname,'r')

# display contents to the screen

for eachLine in fobj:

print eachLine,

fobj.close()

break

3-11

strip()函数，str.strip(rm) 是删除s字符串中开头、结尾处，位于 rm删除序列的字符

字符序列 : 该字符串的无序列表，可以由rm 组成就行。

当rm为空时，默认删除空白符 包括 ('\n','\r','\t',' ')

这里的rm删除序列是只要边(开头或结尾)上的字符在删除序列内，就删除掉。

>>> a = '123abc'

>>> a.strip('12')

'3abc'

>>> a.strip('21')

'3abc'

>>> a.strip('1a')

'23abc'

>>> a.strip('1c')

'23ab'

>>> a.strip('1b')

'23abc'

>>> a.lstrip('3a')

'123abc'

>>> a.lstrip('12')

'3abc'

>>> a.lstrip('21')

'3abc'

>>> a.lstrip('bc')

'123abc'

>>> a.rstrip('bc')

'123a'

>>> a.rstrip('bac')

'123'

>>> a.rstrip('bca')

'123'

>>> a.strip('3a')

'123abc'

原题答案，只需要把eachLine 后的 逗号改成 .strip()

3-12

思路：把两个文件的功能放在函数里，在main函数里通过while循环判断用户输入的功能序列，在执行相应的功能

#!/usr/bin/env python

__author__ = 'Yuriy'

import os

ls = os.linesep

# get filename

def writeFile():

while True:

fname = raw_input("Please input file name:\n")

if os.path.exists(fname):

print "ERROR: '%s' already exists" %fname

else:

break

#get file content (text) lines

all = []

print "\nEnter lines ('.' by itself to quite) ."

#loop until user terminates input

while True:

entry = raw_input('>>>')

if entry == '.':

break

else:

all.append(entry)

#write lines to file with proper line-ending

fobj = open(fname, 'w')

fobj.writelines(['%s%s' %(x, ls) for x in all])

fobj.close()

print 'Done!'

def readFile():

fname = raw_input("Enter filename: ")

print

# attempt to open file for reading

try:

fobj = open(fname,'r')

except IOError, e:

print " *** file open error:",e

else:

# display contents to the screen

for eachLine in fobj:

print eachLine.strip()

fobj.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

while True:

print '''Input the function number:

1.MakeFile

2.ReadFile

3.Exit

'''

ch = int(raw_input(' Function :'))

if ch == 1:

writeFile()

elif ch == 2:

readFile()

else:

break

Input the function number:

1.MakeFile

2.ReadFile

3.Exit

Function :1

Please input file name:

e:/eee.txt

Enter lines ('.' by itself to quite) .

>>>my name

>>>is

>>>who

>>>.

Done!

Input the function number:

1.MakeFile

2.ReadFile

3.Exit

Function :2

Enter filename: e:/eee.txt

my name

is

who

Input the function number:

1.MakeFile

2.ReadFile

3.Exit

Function :3

Process finished with exit code 0

3-13

只需要在3-12的基础上再加上一个功能，调用win系统的命令:

os.system('notepad %s' %ch) 就可以使用文本编辑器编辑该txt文件

#!/usr/bin/env python

__author__ = 'Yuriy'

import os

ls = os.linesep

# get filename

def writeFile():

while True:

fname = raw_input("Please input file name:\n")

if os.path.exists(fname):

print "ERROR: '%s' already exists" %fname

else:

break #get file content (text) lines

all = []

print "\nEnter lines ('.' by itself to quite) ."

#loop until user terminates input

while True:

entry = raw_input('>>>')

if entry == '.':

break

else:

all.append(entry)

#write lines to file with proper line-ending

fobj = open(fname, 'w')

fobj.writelines(['%s%s' %(x, ls) for x in all])

fobj.close()

print 'Done!'

def readFile():

fname = raw_input("Enter filename: ")

print

# attempt to open file for reading

try:

fobj = open(fname,'r')

except IOError, e:

print " *** file open error:",e

else:

# display contents to the screen

for eachLine in fobj:

print eachLine.strip()

fobj.close()

def changeFile():

while True:

ch = raw_input("input filename:")

if not os.path.exists(ch):

print "%s File not exists \n" % ch

else:

try:

# call system command to change file content

os.system('notepad %s' %ch

print

print 'You have change %s' % ch

break

except IOError,e:

print 'error command'

if __name__ == '__main__':

while True:

print '''Input the function number:

1.MakeFile

2.ReadFile

3.changeFile

'''

ch = int(raw_input(' Function :'))

if ch == 1:

writeFile()

elif ch == 2:

readFile()

elif ch == 3:

changeFile()

else:

break

Input the function number:

1.MakeFile

2.ReadFile

3.changeFile

Function :3

input filename:e:/eee.txt

You have change e:/eee.txt