对于应用程序测试目的,当有状态防火墙通过超时将已建立的TCP连接从客户端丢弃到服务器时,我需要模拟一种情况.我在Virtualbox中安装了3个来宾VM:
>客户端,network1 ip:10.0.2.110
>防火墙,network1 ip:10.0.2.5,network2 ip:10.0.3.5
>服务器,network2 ip:10.0.3.6
客户端和服务器是禁用iptables的Fedora19
防火墙是Ubuntu 13.10,具有以下设置:
cat /etc/iptables.conf
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [201:13136]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [110:14472]
-A FORWARD -j LOG --log-prefix "[netfilter] "
-A FORWARD -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --dport 2000 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -j DROP
COMMIT
sysctl net.netfilter
...
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 30
...
使用此设置,conntrack | iptables应在30秒不活动后丢弃已建立的TCP连接.
要运行测试,我在服务器上设置“服务器”:
# ncat -l 2000 --keep-open --exec "/bin/cat"
并在客户端上使用telnet连接:
$telnet 10.0.3.6 2000
Trying 10.0.3.6...
Connected to 10.0.3.6.
Escape character is '^]'.
在iptables日志中,我获得了正常的TCP握手:
Dec 2 12:24:23 ubuntu kernel: [ 5231.169804] [netfilter] IN=eth0 OUT=eth1 MAC=08:00:27:b8:68:9f:08:00:27:4f:ee:15:08:00 SRC=10.0.2.110 DST=10.0.3.6 LEN=60 TOS=0x10 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=44926 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=47899 DPT=2000 WINDOW=29200 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0
Dec 2 12:24:23 ubuntu kernel: [ 5231.170489] [netfilter] IN=eth1 OUT=eth0 MAC=08:00:27:00:72:8c:08:00:27:74:b7:df:08:00 SRC=10.0.3.6 DST=10.0.2.110 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=2000 DPT=47899 WINDOW=28960 RES=0x00 ACK SYN URGP=0
Dec 2 12:24:23 ubuntu kernel: [ 5231.171315] [netfilter] IN=eth0 OUT=eth1 MAC=08:00:27:b8:68:9f:08:00:27:4f:ee:15:08:00 SRC=10.0.2.110 DST=10.0.3.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x10 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=44927 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=47899 DPT=2000 WINDOW=229 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0
建立连接后,我使用telnet发送几个数据包,并使用#conntrack -L命令,我得到:
tcp 6 24 ESTABLISHED src=10.0.2.110 dst=10.0.3.6 sport=47899 dport=2000 src=10.0.3.6 dst=10.0.2.110 sport=2000 dport=47899 [ASSURED] mark=0 use=1
在iptables日志中,我得到:
Dec 2 12:24:38 ubuntu kernel: [ 5245.917564] [netfilter] IN=eth0 OUT=eth1 MAC=08:00:27:b8:68:9f:08:00:27:4f:ee:15:08:00 SRC=10.0.2.110 DST=10.0.3.6 LEN=55 TOS=0x10 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=44928 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=47899 DPT=2000 WINDOW=229 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0
Dec 2 12:24:38 ubuntu kernel: [ 5245.917961] [netfilter] IN=eth1 OUT=eth0 MAC=08:00:27:00:72:8c:08:00:27:74:b7:df:08:00 SRC=10.0.3.6 DST=10.0.2.110 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=36952 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=2000 DPT=47899 WINDOW=227 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0
Dec 2 12:24:38 ubuntu kernel: [ 5245.918326] [netfilter] IN=eth1 OUT=eth0 MAC=08:00:27:00:72:8c:08:00:27:74:b7:df:08:00 SRC=10.0.3.6 DST=10.0.2.110 LEN=55 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=36953 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=2000 DPT=47899 WINDOW=227 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0
Dec 2 12:24:38 ubuntu kernel: [ 5245.918535] [netfilter] IN=eth0 OUT=eth1 MAC=08:00:27:b8:68:9f:08:00:27:4f:ee:15:08:00 SRC=10.0.2.110 DST=10.0.3.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x10 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=44929 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=47899 DPT=2000 WINDOW=229 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0
那也行.
接下来,我等待几分钟并检查#conntrack -L是否返回一个空表,而不是我发送一些更多的telnet数据包,并期望它冻结或说“连接关闭”,但令我惊讶的是,连接不是’ t实际上已关闭,我在iptables日志中收到这样的消息:
Dec 2 12:29:51 ubuntu kernel: [ 5558.925402] [netfilter] IN=eth0 OUT=eth1 MAC=08:00:27:b8:68:9f:08:00:27:4f:ee:15:08:00 SRC=10.0.2.110 DST=10.0.3.6 LEN=55 TOS=0x10 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=44930 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=47899 DPT=2000 WINDOW=229 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0
Dec 2 12:29:51 ubuntu kernel: [ 5558.925927] [netfilter] IN=eth1 OUT=eth0 MAC=08:00:27:00:72:8c:08:00:27:74:b7:df:08:00 SRC=10.0.3.6 DST=10.0.2.110 LEN=55 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=36954 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=2000 DPT=47899 WINDOW=227 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0
Dec 2 12:29:51 ubuntu kernel: [ 5558.926237] [netfilter] IN=eth0 OUT=eth1 MAC=08:00:27:b8:68:9f:08:00:27:4f:ee:15:08:00 SRC=10.0.2.110 DST=10.0.3.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x10 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=44931 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=47899 DPT=2000 WINDOW=229 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0
没有TCP握手,这可能表明telnet默默地重新建立连接,与之前的日志没有区别,根据conntrack建立连接.
在30秒不活动后,我怎样才能真正让iptables关闭已建立的连接?