linux map命令,linux基本命令操作（一）-CSDN博客

常用系统命令：

[root@localhost ~]#uname//查看内核信息//

Linux

[root@localhost ~]#uname -r//只显示内核版本//

2.6.18-348.el5

[root@localhost ~]#uname -a//显示主机名、内核、硬件平台等全部信息a--all//

Linuxlocalhost.localdomain2.6.18-348.el5#1 SMP Wed Nov 28 21:22:00 EST 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64GNU/Linux

[root@localhost ~]# hostname//查看主机的完整名称，包括主机名称、所在域的名称//

localhost.localdomain

[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig//查看主机的IP地址等参数，默认查看所有网卡，也可以指定某一特定的网卡//

eth0Linkencap:Ethernet HWaddr00:0C:29:BB:9C:DF

inetaddr:192.168.75.133 Bcast:192.168.75.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6addr: fe80::20c:29ff:febb:9cdf/64 Scope:Link

UPBROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RXpackets:954 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TXpackets:127 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RXbytes:93244 (91.0 KiB) TX bytes:15194(14.8 KiB)

loLink encap:Local Loopback

inetaddr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UPLOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1

……

[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig eth0//查看某个特定网卡的网络参数,顺序是从0开始//

eth0Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:BB:9C:DF

inetaddr:192.168.75.133 Bcast:192.168.75.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6addr: fe80::20c:29ff:febb:9cdf/64 Scope:Link

UPBROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RXpackets:955 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TXpackets:127 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RXbytes:93487 (91.2 KiB) TX bytes:15194(14.8 KiB)

[root@localhost ~]#cat /proc/cpuinfo //查看CPU信息//

processor : 0

vendor_id :GenuineIntel

cpu family : 6

model :58

model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)i3-3240 CPU @ 3.40GHz

stepping : 9

cpu MHz :3392.319

cache size :3072 KB

……

[root@localhostmnt]#free-m //查看内存和SWAP相关信息//

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 999 959 40 0 79 517

-/+ buffers/cache: 362 637

Swap: 2047 0 2047

[root@localhost ~]#cat /proc/meminfo //查看内存信息//

MemTotal: 1023848 kB

MemFree: 292092 kB

Buffers: 51084 kB

Cached: 412676 kB

SwapCached: 0 kB

Active: 278592 kB

Inactive: 360312 kB

HighTotal: 0 kB

HighFree: 0 kB

LowTotal: 1023848 kB

LowFree: 292092 kB

SwapTotal: 2096472 kB

SwapFree: 2096472 kB

......

·cd命令的使用：

[root@localhost /]#cd /etc/pki/CA/private //切换至private目录//

[root@localhost private]# pwd

/etc/pki/CA/private

[root@localhost private]# pwd

/etc/pki/CA/private

[root@localhost private]#cd . //切换，但仍然在当前目录//

[root@localhost private]#pwd //查看当前工作目录//

/etc/pki/CA/private

[root@localhost private]#cd .. //切换至上一级目录//

[root@localhost CA]# pwd

/etc/pki/CA

[root@localhost CA]#cd //直接默认情况下返回至根目录下的家目录//

[root@localhost ~]# pwd

/root

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/private/

[root@localhost private]# pwd

/etc/pki/CA/private

[root@localhost private]# cd ..

[root@localhost CA]# pwd

/etc/pki/CA

[root@localhost CA]#cd ../../ //切换至上两级目录//

[root@localhost etc]#pwd

/etc

[root@localhost etc]#cd - //返回上一次的目录，从哪里来回那里去//

/etc/pki/CA

[root@localhost CA]# pwd

/etc/pki/CA

[root@localhost CA]#cd ~ //返回至用户root的家目录//

[root@localhost ~]# ]pwd

bash: ]pwd: command not found

[root@localhost ~]#pwd

/root

·ls命令的使用：

[root@localhost /]#cd /boot/

[root@localhost boot]# pwd

/boot

[root@localhost boot]#ls //列表查看目录内容//

config-2.6.18-348.el5 lost+found vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

grub symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

[root@localhost boot]# ls -;

ls: -:没有那个文件或目录

[root@localhost boot]#ls -l //以长格式显示目录内容，会显示文件和目录的属性//

总计6316

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67857 2012-11-29 config-2.6.18-348.el5

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2013-07-10 grub

-rw------- 1 root root 2820190 2013-07-23initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img

drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2013-07-10 lost+found

......

[root@localhost boot]#ls -a//显示“.”和“..”，这就是为什么cd可以切换至本目录和上一级目录的原因，仍然显示隐藏文件

.initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

..lost+found.vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5.hmac

config-2.6.18-348.el5 symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

grub System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

[root@localhost boot]#ls -A //显示隐藏文件(以“.”开头的文件)//

config-2.6.18-348.el5 symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

grub System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

lost+found.vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5.hmac

[root@localhost boot]#ls -l

总计6316

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67857 2012-11-29 config-2.6.18-348.el5

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2013-07-10 grub

-rw------- 1 root root 2820190 2013-07-23initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img

drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2013-07-10 lost+found

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118626 2012-11-29 symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1282424 2012-11-29System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2125660 2012-11-29vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

[root@localhost boot]#ls -lh //提供易读的容量单位//

总计6.2M

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67K 2012-11-29 config-2.6.18-348.el5

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1.0K 2013-07-10 grub

-rw------- 1 root root 2.7M 2013-07-23initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img

drwx------ 2 root root 12K 2013-07-10 lost+found

......

[root@localhost boot]#ls -l -d

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1024 2013-07-10 .

[root@localhost boot]#ls -ld //显示目录本身的属性//

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1024 2013-07-10 .

[root@localhost boot]#ls -l

总计6316

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67857 2012-11-29 config-2.6.18-348.el5

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2013-07-10 grub

-rw------- 1 root root 2820190 2013-07-23initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img

......

[root@localhost boot]# ls -ld

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1024 2013-07-10 .

[root@localhost boot]# ld -ld/boot

ld: cannot find -ld/boot

......

总计6.2M

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67K 2012-11-29 config-2.6.18-348.el5

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1.0K 2013-07-10 grub

......

[root@localhost boot]#ls -R //递归显示内容，当前目录下的子目录也同样显示出来//

.:(当前目录)

config-2.6.18-348.el5 lost+found vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

grub symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

device.map grub.conf minix_stage1_5 stage2

e2fs_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 ufs2_stage1_5

fat_stage1_5 jfs_stage1_5 splash.xpm.gz vstafs_stage1_5

ffs_stage1_5 menu.lst stage1 xfs_stage1_5

./lost+found:

[root@localhost boot]#ls -lR //多个选项可以叠用，递归和长格式(包含属性)

总计6316

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67857 2012-11-29 config-2.6.18-348.el5

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 2013-07-10 grub

-rw------- 1 root root 2820190 2013-07-23initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img

drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2013-07-10 lost+found

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118626 2012-11-29 symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1282424 2012-11-29System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2125660 2012-11-29vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

./grub:

总计235

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63 2013-07-10 device.map

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7584 2013-07-10 e2fs_stage1_5

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7456 2013-07-10 fat_stage1_5

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6720 2013-07-10 ffs_stage1_5

-rw------- 1 root root 598 2013-07-10 grub.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6720 2013-07-10 iso9660_stage1_5

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8224 2013-07-10 jfs_stage1_5

……

./lost+found:

总计0

·ls命令的匹配字符：

[root@localhost boot]#cd /opt

[root@localhost opt]# ls

[root@localhost opt]#touch file1.txt //创建文本文件file1.txt//

[root@localhost opt]# touch file2.txt

[root@localhost opt]# touch file3.txt

[root@localhost opt]# touch file12.txt

[root@localhost opt]# touch file123.txt

[root@localhost opt]# touch filea.txt fileb.txt filec.txt

[root@localhost opt]# touch fileab.txt

[root@localhost opt]# touch fileabc.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls

file123.txt file1.txt file3.txt fileab.txt fileb.txt rh

file12.txt file2.txt fileabc.txt filea.txt filec.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file* //“*”匹配任意多个字符，即通配符，表示以file开头，无论后面是什么//

file123.txt file1.txt file3.txt fileab.txt fileb.txt

file12.txt file2.txt fileabc.txt filea.txt filec.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file?.txt //“？”匹配任意单个字符//

file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt filea.txt fileb.txt filec.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file??.txt

file12.txt fileab.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file???.txt

file123.txt fileabc.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file??.????

ls: file??.????:没有那个文件或目录

[root@localhost opt]#ls file1.txt

file1.txt

][root@localhost opt]#ls file[a-b].txt //匹配连续多个字符中的一个//

filea.txt fileb.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file[a-b][a-c].txt

fileab.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file[1-3][a-c].txt

ls: file[1-3][a-c].txt:没有那个文件或目录

[root@localhost opt]#ls file[1-3][1-3][1-3].txt

file123.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file[0-9][0-9].txt

file12.txt

[root@localhost opt]#lsfile{a,ab,12,123,abc,ac}.txt //匹配不连续的多组字符,一一匹配，对应的就罗列出来，没有的会提示没有改文件或目录//

ls: fileac.txt:没有那个文件或目录

file123.txt file12.txt fileabc.txt fileab.txt filea.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file[9-0][2-1].txt //[]顺序必须从小到大，不能反向

ls: file[9-0][2-1].txt:没有那个文件或目录

[root@localhost opt]#ls file[2-0][2-0].txt

ls: file[2-0][2-0].txt:没有那个文件或目录

[root@localhost opt]#ls file[0-2][0-2].txt

file12.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file??.???

file12.txt fileab.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file?????

file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt filea.txt fileb.txt filec.txt

[root@localhost opt]#ls file??.???

file12.txt fileab.txt