Oracle 19C Data Guard
基础运维
-0
5Failovers (GAP)
原主库
原备库
Failovers
新主库
独立库
192.168.31.90
192.168.31.100
192.168.31.100
192.168.31.90
cjcdb
chendb
chendb
cjcdb
Failover
：
Figure 9-4 Failover to a Standby Database
Performing a Failover to a Physical Standby Database
关于archive gap
的问题？
上一篇博客《04 Failovers疑问？》写了关于
archive gap的疑问，在实验中，我提前将备库关机，主库端插入大量数据产生
3个归档文件，并手动将最后
3个归档文件重命名，目的是不让备库获取到这三个归档文件，在启动备库，试图模拟出备库
archive gap场景，但是在备库端
v$archive_gap中显示空的，备库没有检测出
archive gap的存在吗？
实际上是本人对archive gap概念存在一些误解，比如主库有
1到
100个归档，我认为只要有任何归档文件在备库端获取失败都会出现
archive gap，都会记录到
v$archive_gap，通过上一篇实验发现这种理论显然是不对的，我强制将主库
98,99,100三个归档文件重命名，备库端并没有出现
archive gap，即在
v$archive_gap中不会有数据。
那么究竟什么场景才会出现archive gap？真实的场景是，备库在接收主库归档文件时有部分没有接收成功，但后续的归档文件又接收成功了，比如主库
1到
100个归档文件，出于某种原因，备库没有接收到
97,98两个归档，但是后面的
99,100归档又能正常接收，这时就会产生
archive gap，在
v$archive_gap会查到
97,98归档信息。
(感谢墨天轮平台“你好我是李白”的答疑解惑
)
实验过程如下：
场景二：archive gap下的failover
主库模拟故障，模拟归档gap
：
先停掉备库:
不接收主库产生的
redo
或归档数据
SQL> shutdown immediate
主库：生成测试数据，生成redo
和归档数据
---session 1
SQL>
declare
begin
for i in 1 .. 1000
000
loop
insert into test1 values (i);
commit;
end loop;
end;
插入数据期间，生成了3
个归档文件
[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ pwd
/arch
......
cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc
cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc
cjcpdb_arch_1_76_1030641846.arc
主库重命名新产生的前两个归档文件，模拟归档gap
[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ mv cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc.bak
[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ mv cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc.bak
再次插入部分数据
SQL>
declare
begin
for i in 1 .. 1000
0
loop
insert into test1 values (i);
commit;
end loop;
end;
启动备库：
SQL> startup
--
备库启动时，查看对应主库日志，提示找不到
74,75
两个归档文件，无法将
74,75
发送到备库端。
2020-04-19T18:37:53.170879+08:00
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cjcdb/cjcdb/trace/cjcdb_tt00_2349.trc:
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 7
2020-04-19T18:37:53.171203+08:00
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cjcdb/cjcdb/trace/cjcdb_tt00_2349.trc:
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 7
备库：查看archive log
，实际应该是
74
到
75
，不清楚为什么会显示
73
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
SQL> select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;
THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
1
73
75
备库：没有接收到74,75
两个归档文件
主库重命名system01.dbf
模拟数据库故障
[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/
[oracle@cjcos01 CJCDB]$ mv system01.dbf system01.dbf.bak
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> shutdown abort
主库启动失败
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1375728192 bytes
Fixed Size
9134656 bytes
Variable Size
1107296256 bytes
Database Buffers
251658240 bytes
Redo Buffers
7639040 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/system01.dbf'
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED
备库：
1.
检查
dg
恢复模式
(
最大性能模式
)
SQL> select database_role,protection_level,protection_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
PROTECTION_LEVEL PROTECTION_MODE
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
2
检查
archive_gap
，实际应该是74
到
75
，不清楚为什么会显示
73
SQL> select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;
THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
1
73
75
主库：
SQL> select name from v$archived_log where thread#=1 and sequence# between 73 and 75;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_73_1030641846.arc
/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc
/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc
将73
归档文件拷贝到备库端
[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ scp cjcpdb_arch_1_73_1030641846.arc cjcos02:/arch
主库在mount
状态下执行
flush redo
操作
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO chendb;
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO chendb
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16416: No viable switchover targets available
备库：手动注册73
号归档，也显示归档已经注册了
SQL> alter database register logfile '/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_73_1030641846.arc';
alter database register logfile '/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_73_1030641846.arc'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16089: archive log has already been registered
但是archive gap
还是显示有
73
SQL> select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;
THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
1
73
75
主库：将74
号归档文件名改回来
[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ mv cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc.bak cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc
再次执行flush redo
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO chendb;
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO chendb
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16416: No viable switchover targets available
查看主库日志，主库已经将74
归档发生备库端了，开始尝试读取
75
号归档文件。
如果flush redo
命令没生效，也可以将归档文件拷到备库端，手动执行注册
SQL>
ALTER DATABASE REGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';
备库：只有1
个
75
号归档找不到了
SQL> select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;
THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
1
75
75
备库：取消应用进程
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Database altered.
备库：由于存在archive gap
，是不允许常规的
failover
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FAILOVER TO chendb;
ALTER DATABASE FAILOVER TO chendb
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-16171: RECOVER...FINISH not allowed due to gap for thr 1, seq 75-75
备库：加force
也不生效
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FAILOVER TO chendb force;
ALTER DATABASE FAILOVER TO chendb force
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-16171: RECOVER...FINISH not allowed due to gap for thr 1, seq 75-75
强制failover:
在存在
archive gap
情况下，强制执行
failover
，会丢失数据，正式环境谨慎使用！！！
Perform a data loss failover.
If an error condition cannot be resolved, a failover can still be performed (with some data loss) by issuing the following SQL statement on the target standby database:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ACTIVATE PHYSICAL STANDBY DATABASE;
打开数据库
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
查看数据
SQL> select count(*) from test1;
COUNT(*)
----------
252780
test1
表丢失了
1000
000+1000-
252780
=748220
条数据。
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