下面列出的都是这些年总结的Python的有用的知识点和一些工具。希望对你有所帮助!
交换变量值
x = 6y= 5x, y=y, xprintx>>> 5
printy>>> 6
内联if语句
print "Hello" if True else "World"
>>> Hello
联接
nfc = ["Packers", "49ers"]
afc= ["Ravens", "Patriots"]print nfc +afc>>> ['Packers', '49ers', 'Ravens', 'Patriots']print str(1) + "world"
>>> 1worldprint `1` + "world"
>>> 1worldprint 1, "world"
>>> 1worldprint nfc, 1
>>> ['Packers', '49ers'] 1
数字运算
#Floor Division (rounds down)
print 5.0//2
>>> 2
#2 raised to the 5th power
print 2**5
>> 32
注意float数做整除运算后的出来的还是整数
print .3/.1
>>> 2.9999999999999996
print .3//.1
>>> 2.0
数字对比
x = 2
if 3 > x > 1:printx>>> 2
if 1 < x >0:printx>>> 2
同时遍历两个数组
nfc = ["Packers", "49ers"]
afc= ["Ravens", "Patriots"]for teama, teamb inzip(nfc, afc):print teama + "vs." +teamb>>>Packers vs. Ravens>>> 49ers vs. Patriots
延伸阅读zip方法,请点这里。
遍历List并获得index
teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]for index, team inenumerate(teams):printindex, team>>>0 Packers>>> 149ers>>> 2Ravens>>> 3 Patriots
理解List
这个:
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
even=[]for number innumbers:if number%2 ==0:
even.append(number)
可以写成:
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
even= [number for number in numbers if number%2 == 0]
理解Dictionary
和List很相似,Dictionary的这个可以写成:
teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]print {key: value for value, key inenumerate(teams)}>>> {'49ers': 1, 'Ravens': 2, 'Patriots': 3, 'Packers': 0}
初始化List的值
items = [0]*3
printitems>>> [0,0,0]
List转换为String
teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]print ",".join(teams)>>> 'Packers, 49ers, Ravens, Patriots'
从Dictionary中取得Item
一般来说是这样的,用一个try-except块包裹起来以防要取得的key值不存在:
data = {'user': 1, 'name': 'Max', 'three': 4}try:
is_admin= data['admin']exceptKeyError:
is_admin= False
但是你可以这样:
data = {'user': 1, 'name': 'Max', 'three': 4}
is_admin= data.get('admin', False)
取List得子集
很简单的取子集的方法:
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6]#First 3
print x[:3]>>> [1,2,3]#Middle 4
print x[1:5]>>> [2,3,4,5]#Last 3
print x[-3:]>>> [4,5,6]#Odd numbers
print x[::2]>>> [1,3,5]#Even numbers
print x[1::2]>>> [2,4,6]
60个字符搞定FizzBuzz问题
FizzBuzz问题:写一个程序打印1到100的数字。遇到3的倍数打印“Fizz”来替换这个数。5的倍数打印“Buzz“,对于既是3的倍数又是5的倍数的数字打印“FizzBuzz”代替这个数字
for x in range(1,101):print"Fizz"[x%3*4:]+"Buzz"[x%5*4:]or x
这里就是List的一个知识点了。如果方括号里,冒号左边的数字式大于字符串长度的,那么什么都不会输出!也就是在非3或者5的倍数的时候什么都不会输出。
集合
在collections模块下的Counter,有时候也是很有用的。
from collections importCounterprint Counter("hello")>>> Counter({'l': 2, 'h': 1, 'e': 1, 'o': 1})
Itertools
from itertools importcombinations
teams= ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]for game in combinations(teams, 2):printgame>>> ('Packers', '49ers')>>> ('Packers', 'Ravens')>>> ('Packers', 'Patriots')>>> ('49ers', 'Ravens')>>> ('49ers', 'Patriots')>>> ('Ravens', 'Patriots')
False == True
在python里,True和False只不过是全局变量,所以:
False =TrueifFalse:print "Hello"
else:print "World"
>>> Hello
如果你发现什么有趣的东西欢迎在下面补齐!
from:http://www.maxburstein.com/blog/python-shortcuts-for-the-python-beginner/