python类里面装饰器_Python类中的装饰器在当前类中的声明与调用详解

我的Python环境：3.7

在Python类里声明一个装饰器，并在这个类里调用这个装饰器。

代码如下：

class Test():

xx = False

def __init__(self):

pass

def test(func):

def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):

print(self.xx)

return func(self, *args, **kwargs)

return wrapper

@test

def test_a(self,a,b):

print(f'ok,{a} {b}')

注意：

1. 其中装饰器test是在类Test中声明并在其方法test_a中调用

2. 装饰器test内层wrapper函数的首参数是self

补充知识：python-类内函数的全局装饰器

有时，比如写RF的测试库的时候，很多方法都写在一个类里。我们又可能需要一个通用的装饰器，比如，要给某个底层类的方法打桩，查看入参和出参，用以理解业务；或者要hold住所有的执行错误，打印堆栈又不想程序退出或用例直接失败

比如捕捉错误的装饰器

import traceback

from functools import wraps

def trier(soft=False):

'''

:param bool soft: 为True时，打印报错堆栈并忽略异常。默认False，打印报错堆栈并抛出异常

:return:

如果要给类方法、静态方法装饰，则该装饰器必须处于比@staticmethod装饰器更内一层才行

'''

def realTrier(func):

'''

:param function func:

:return:

'''

@wraps(func) # 保留__name__ __doc__ __module__

def innerfunc(*args, **kwargs):

try:

return func(*args, **kwargs)

except Exception, e:

try:

print(traceback.format_exc())

except:

print e

if not soft:

raise

return innerfunc

return realTrier

或者参数跟踪的装饰器

def tracer(func):

def infunc(*args, **kwargs):

print func.__name__, args, kwargs

res=infunc(*args, **kwargs)

print func.__name__, res

return res

这类装饰器经常会给类里的每个函数都使用

每次都装饰的话，也挺麻烦

python里可以给类写个装饰器，所以可以输入一个类，返回一个新类，这个新类拥有原来类里的所有方法，但所有方法都被装饰

使用元类，可以做到这一点。

目前可以批量装饰普通方法、静态方法、类方法、属性，暂不支持__init__和__del__之类的特殊方法，以免出现意外的问题。

目前类B使用了全局装饰器，假如类B继承自类A，类C继承自类B

则类B、类C内的所有方法都被全局装饰（全局装饰可以被继承）

且类B继承自类A的所有方法也会被全局装饰

但这种装饰不会影响到类A，调用类A下的方法时，所有方法都不被装饰

经过多次尝试，最后的实现代码如下

# clswrapper.py

def skipper(func):

'''

:param function func:

:return:

'''

func.__funskip__=True

return func

def classWrapper(commonDecoratorFunc):

def innerMata(inClass):

def collect_attrib(key, value, new_attrs):

if hasattr(value, '__funskip__'):

new_attrs[key] = value

return

if hasattr(value, '__func__') or isinstance(value, types.FunctionType):

if isinstance(value, staticmethod):

new_attrs[key] = staticmethod(commonDecoratorFunc(value.__func__))

return

elif isinstance(value, classmethod):

new_attrs[key] = classmethod(commonDecoratorFunc(value.__func__))

return

elif not key.startswith('__'):

new_attrs[key] = commonDecoratorFunc(value)

return

else:

if isinstance(value, property):

# 当对property类进行重组的时候，我们强制装饰了property类的fget fset和fdel方法。但是，不是每个propery都有这三个方法，有些是None，强制装饰会报错，所以我们这里要考虑提前返回None

propertyWrapper = property(fget=commonDecoratorFunc(value.fget) if value.fget else None,

fset=commonDecoratorFunc(value.fset) if value.fset else None,

fdel=commonDecoratorFunc(value.fdel) if value.fdel else None,

doc=value.__doc__)

new_attrs[key] = propertyWrapper

return

new_attrs[key] = value

class Meta(type):

@classmethod

def options(cls, bases, attrs):

new_attrs = {}

for key, value in attrs.items():

collect_attrib(key, value, new_attrs)

for base in bases:

for mbase in base.mro():

for key, value in mbase.__dict__.items():

if key not in new_attrs:

collect_attrib(key, value, new_attrs)

return new_attrs

def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):

new_attrs = cls.options(bases, attrs)

return super(Meta, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, new_attrs)

return six.add_metaclass(Meta)(inClass)

return innerMata

其中，skipper提供了一个后门，被skipper装饰的函数会跳过全局装饰器

使用方法如下

@classWrapper(trier(soft=True))

class Tree(object):

@skipper

def div(self):

return 1/0

def divsafe(self):

return 1/0

t=Tree()

print t.divsafe()

print t.div()

执行结果如图

一个更完整的示例

from clswrapper那个文件 import skipper, classWrapper

import traceback

from functools import wraps

'''为简洁起见，这次我们用的是不带参数的trier装饰器'''

def trier(func):

@wraps(func)

def inner(*args, **kwargs):

try:

return func(*args, **kwargs)

except:

print("EXCEPTION captured at function %s" % func.__name__, file=sys.stderr)

print(traceback.format_exc().decode("gbk"))

raise

return inner

if __name__=="__main__":

import time

class mobj(object):

def five(self):

w = 1 / 0

class obj(mobj):

def __init__(self):

# print "obj.__init__"

return

@classmethod

def one(self):

w = 1 / 0

print('obj.one')

@classWrapper(trier) # 或者用@classWrapper(argTrier(True))替换，则可以不抛出异常

class obj1(obj):

aa = 1

def __init__(self):

super(obj1, self).__init__()

self.var = 1

@classmethod

def three(cls):

w = 1 / 0

print('obj1.three')

@staticmethod

def four():

w = 1 / 0

print('obj1.four')

def two(self):

w = 1 / 0

print(self.pro)

print('obj1.two')

@property

def pro(self):

return self.var

@pro.setter

def pro(self, value):

self.var = value / 0

@skipper

def eight(self):

w=1/0

return w

class outerobj(obj1):

def seven(self):

return 1/0

b = obj1()

a = obj1

print(b.var)

try:

b.two()

except:

pass

try:

a.three()

except:

pass

try:

a.four()

except:

pass

try:

a.one()

except:

pass

try:

b.five()

except:

pass

try:

b.pro = 3

except:

pass

print(b.pro)

print(a.aa)

c=outerobj()

try:

c.five()

except:

pass

try:

c.seven()

except:

pass

try:

c.eight()

except:

print("c.eight被跳过，所以没有被里层捕获，才会不打堆栈直接走到这里")

print("最后这个会真正触发异常，因为mobj实例并没有被装饰过")

m=mobj()

time.sleep(1)

m.five()

它展示了这个强大装饰器能处理的各种情况，执行结果应该如下

1

EXCEPTION captured at function two

EXCEPTION captured at function three

Traceback (most recent call last):

EXCEPTION captured at function four

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

EXCEPTION captured at function one

return func(*args, **kwargs)

EXCEPTION captured at function five

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 138, in two

w = 1 / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 129, in three

w = 1 / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 134, in four

w = 1 / 0

EXCEPTION captured at function pro

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

EXCEPTION captured at function five

Traceback (most recent call last):

EXCEPTION captured at function five

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

EXCEPTION captured at function seven

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 115, in one

w = 1 / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 104, in five

w = 1 / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 148, in pro

self.var = value / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

1

1

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 104, in five

w = 1 / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 104, in five

w = 1 / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 37, in inner

return func(*args, **kwargs)

File "E:/pydev/异常处理装饰器.py", line 157, in seven

return 1/0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

c.eight被跳过，所以没有被里层捕获，才会不打堆栈直接走到这里

最后这个会真正触发异常，因为mobj实例并没有被装饰过

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "E:/pydev/�쳣����װ����.py", line 212, in

m.five()

File "E:/pydev/�쳣����װ����.py", line 104, in five

w = 1 / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

进程已结束，退出代码 1

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