linux+清空asm磁盘,ASM磁盘分区或者设备文件删除后恢复的方法

转自:http://www.itpub.net/thread-1021898-1-1.html

$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

查看磁盘组的状态和磁盘组的类型,这里的磁盘组是外部

SQL> select name,type,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                 TYPE         STATE

-------------------- ------------ ----------------------

DISK_GROUP1          EXTERN       MOUNTED

DISK_GROUP2          EXTERN       MOUNTED

FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP  EXTERN       MOUNTED

查看磁盘组对应的磁盘,为何会ORCL:VOL这些磁盘没有分配,实际这些磁盘就是

ASM磁盘,因为他们有标识设备文件,因此没有对应磁盘组,若是它们没有标识设备,会对应

磁盘,咱们看一下:

SQL> select group_number,disk_number,path from v$asm_disk;

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER PATH

------------ ----------- --------------------

0           3 ORCL:VOL1

0           5 ORCL:VOL3

0           6 ORCL:VOL4

2           0 /dev/raw/raw3

3           0 /dev/raw/raw2

1           1 /dev/raw/raw4

1           0 ORCL:VOL2

7 rows selected.

$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks

VOL1

VOL2

VOL3

VOL4

发现其余的ASMDISK的设备文件都直接对应了磁盘组,可是VOL2却直接对应磁盘组.

看到VOL2没有定义标识,咱们来定义一下.

$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL1

Disk "VOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 17]

$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL2

ASM disk "VOL2" defines an unmarked device

$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL3

Disk "VOL3" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 49]

$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL4

Disk "VOL4" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 81]

$ su - root

Password:

-bash: [: missing `]'

[root@dg1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices

加入 /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdc1这条

[root@dg1 ~]# /sbin/service rawdevices restart

Assigning devices:

/dev/raw/raw3  -->   /dev/sdb1

/dev/raw/raw3:  bound to major 8, minor 17

/dev/raw/raw2  -->   /dev/sdd1

/dev/raw/raw2:  bound to major 8, minor 49

/dev/raw/raw4  -->   /dev/sdf1

/dev/raw/raw4:  bound to major 8, minor 81

/dev/raw/raw1  -->   /dev/sdc1

/dev/raw/raw1:  bound to major 8, minor 33

done

[root@dg1 ~]# cd /dev/raw

[root@dg1 raw]# ls

raw1  raw2  raw3  raw4

RAW1文件已经生成,在到V$ASM_DISK表看一下

1* select group_number,name,path,state from v$asm_disk

SQL> /

GROUP_NUMBER NAME                      PATH                 STATE

------------ ------------------------- -------------------- ----------------

0                           ORCL:VOL1            NORMAL

0                           ORCL:VOL2            NORMAL

0                           ORCL:VOL3            NORMAL

0                           ORCL:VOL4            NORMAL

2 DISK_GROUP2_0000          /dev/raw/raw3        NORMAL

3 FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP_0000  /dev/raw/raw2        NORMAL

1 DISK_GROUP1_0001          /dev/raw/raw4        NORMAL

1 DISK_GROUP1_0000          /dev/raw/raw1        NORMAL

8 rows selected.

发现VOL2已经不对应磁盘组了.

模拟删除ASMDISK以及磁盘分区的过程:

首先删除了ASMDISK,并无实际删除磁盘分区

$ su - root

Password:

-bash: [: missing `]'

[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk VOL2

Removing ASM disk "VOL2":                                  [  OK  ]

SQL> startup nomount

ASM instance started

Total System Global Area   83886080 bytes

Fixed Size                  1217836 bytes

Variable Size              57502420 bytes

ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes

SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;

alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-15032: not all alterations performed

ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup

"DISK_GROUP1"

再从新建立ASMDISK:

$ su - root

Password:

-bash: [: missing `]'

[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1

Marking disk "/dev/sdc1" as an ASM disk:                   [  OK  ]

[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks

VOL1

VOL2

VOL3

VOL4

发现磁盘组已经不能正常mount:

SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;

alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-15032: not all alterations performed

ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup

"DISK_GROUP1"

用之前ASM磁盘头的备份信息进行恢复:

SQL> !

$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1

读入了 1+0 个块

输出了 1+0 个块

$ exit

SQL> l

1* alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount

SQL> /

Diskgroup altered.

如今删除磁盘分区,再测试:

[root@dg1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a   toggle a bootable flag

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

d   delete a partition

l   list known partition types

m   print this menu

n   add a new partition

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

p   print the partition table

q   quit without saving changes

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

t   change a partition's system id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

w   write table to disk and exit

x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1         195     1566306   83  Linux

磁盘只划了1个分区

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1         195     1566306   83  Linux

实际删除分区

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

分区已经被删除.

SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;

alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-15032: not all alterations performed

ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup

"DISK_GROUP1"

SQL> !

$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1

dd: 打开 ‘/dev/raw/raw1’: 没有那个设备或地址

$ cd /dev/raw

$ ls

raw1  raw2  raw3  raw4

$ ls -l

总用量 0

crw-rw----  1 oracle dba 162, 1  7月 15 11:24 raw1

crw-rw----  1 oracle dba 162, 2  7月 15 11:24 raw2

crw-rw----  1 oracle dba 162, 3  7月 15 11:24 raw3

crw-rw----  1 oracle dba 162, 4  7月 15 11:24 raw4

其实设备文件还在,可是已经不能对应到磁盘分区.由于分区已经删除,这个磁盘组确定不能mount

尝试重建分区:

[root@dg1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a   toggle a bootable flag

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

d   delete a partition

l   list known partition types

m   print this menu

n   add a new partition

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

p   print the partition table

q   quit without saving changes

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

t   change a partition's system id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

w   write table to disk and exit

x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-195, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-195, default 195):

Using default value 195

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

用备份还原磁盘头信息:

$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1

读入了 1+0 个块

输出了 1+0 个块

$ env |grep ORA

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=+ASM

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:40:41 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount

ASM instance started

Total System Global Area   83886080 bytes

Fixed Size                  1217836 bytes

Variable Size              57502420 bytes

ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes

SQL>

SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;

Diskgroup altered.

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:41:28 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  197132288 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218484 bytes

Variable Size              83888204 bytes

Database Buffers          109051904 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT

Tue Jul 15 13:41:35 2008

Starting background process ASMB

ASMB started with pid=16, OS id=3352

Starting background process RBAL

RBAL started with pid=17, OS id=3356

Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008

SUCCESS: diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 was mounted

Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008

ORA-00202: ????: ''+FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP/devdb/controlfile/current.256.657732291''

ORA-17503: ksfdopn: 2 ?????? +FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP/devdb/controlfile/current.256.657732291

ORA-15001: ??? "FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP" ????????

ORA-15001: diskgroup "FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP" does not exist or is not mounted

SUCCESS: diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 was dismounted

Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008

ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT...

由于其余磁盘组没有装载,致使controlfile不能所有找到,回到ASM instance mount全部磁盘组

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:43:21 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 dismount;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> alter diskgroup all mount;

Diskgroup altered.

QL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  197132288 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218484 bytes

Variable Size              83888204 bytes

Database Buffers          109051904 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/users.259.657732133

+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/sysaux.257.657732131

+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.657732131

+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/system.256.657732131

+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/example.265.657732351

+DISK_GROUP2/devdb/datafile/users.256.659787481

6 rows selected.

发现数据库能够正常打开,数据没有丢失.

总结: 磁盘划分区之后,在Linux下经过asm lib用oracleasm命令建立ASM磁盘,而后在/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices建立设备文件

disk partition (fdisk -l查看)->asm disk (/etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks 查看)->more /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices or ls -l

/dev/raw/raw*查看

测试看出,删除raw 设备文件,磁盘组仍然能够直接读取asm disk,可是若是磁盘分区或者asm disk被删除,须要利用备份进行恢复

请兄弟门指正测试中不足,错误的地方

$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1

kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01

kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82

kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD

kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01

kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0

kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0

kfbh.check:                   452538402 ; 0x00c: 0x1af93022

kfbh.fcn.base:                     4532 ; 0x010: 0x000011b4

kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000

kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000

kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.provstr:     ORCLDISKVOL2 ; 0x000: length=12

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:    843861846 ; 0x008: 0x324c4f56

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:            0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:            0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.compat:                168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000

kfdhdb.dsknum:                        0 ; 0x024: 0x0000

kfdhdb.grptyp:                        1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL

kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER

kfdhdb.dskname:        DISK_GROUP1_0000 ; 0x028: length=16

kfdhdb.grpname:             DISK_GROUP1 ; 0x048: length=11

kfdhdb.fgname:         DISK_GROUP1_0000 ; 0x068: length=16

kfdhdb.capname:                         ; 0x088: length=0

kfdhdb.crestmp.hi:             32905806 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x12 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7d8

kfdhdb.crestmp.lo:           2565405696 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x23f SECS=0xe MINS=0x26

kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi:             32906736 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0x10 DAYS=0xf MNTH=0x7 YEAR=0x7d8

kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo:           2152955904 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0xe0 SECS=0x5 MINS=0x20

kfdhdb.secsize:                     512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200

kfdhdb.blksize:                    4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000

kfdhdb.ausize:                  1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000

kfdhdb.mfact:                    113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80

kfdhdb.dsksize:                    1529 ; 0x0c4: 0x000005f9

kfdhdb.pmcnt:                         2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002

kfdhdb.fstlocn:                       1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001

kfdhdb.altlocn:                       2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002

kfdhdb.f1b1locn:                      2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002

kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]:                0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000

kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]:            65535 ; 0x0da: 0xffff

kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]:            65535 ; 0x0dc: 0xffff

kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]:            65535 ; 0x0de: 0xffff

kfdhdb.dbcompat:              168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000

kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi:             32905806 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x12 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7d8

kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo:           2565314560 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1e6 SECS=0xe MINS=0x26

kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]:                   0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]:                   0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]:                   0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]:                   0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]:                   0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]:                   0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]:                   0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]:                   0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]:                   0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]:                   0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]:                  0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]:                  0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]:                  0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]:                  0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]:                  0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]:                  0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]:                  0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]:                  0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]:                  0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]:                  0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]:                  0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]:                  0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]:                  0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]:                  0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]:                  0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]:                  0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]:                  0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]:                  0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]:                  0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]:                  0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]:                  0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]:                  0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]:                  0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]:                  0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]:                  0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]:                  0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]:                  0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]:                  0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]:                  0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]:                  0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]:                  0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]:                  0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]:                  0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]:                  0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]:                  0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]:                  0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]:                  0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]:                  0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]:                  0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]:                  0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]:                  0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]:                  0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]:                  0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]:                  0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[54]:                  0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[55]:                  0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[56]:                  0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[57]:                  0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq:                  0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk:                  0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.acdb.ents:                     0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000

kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare:                 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000

从kfed看,这个磁盘的扇区是512,OS块大小是4096,用DD拷贝第一个块就包含磁盘头的信息

是在ASM的第一个块上,ASM块大小为4096,由参数_asm_blksize来控制html

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