python之路day9_学习python之路--Day2:购物车程序

需求

用户登陆，第一次登陆，要求输入工资，商品信息从文件里读取，购买商品，扣除余额，退出之后，下一次登陆仍然记住余额；商家登陆，可以添加商品，修改商品价格。

思路

商品信息存放在文件里，程序启动时读取文件，将文件中的商品信息，组成列表。文件信息可以写成列表元组形式，也可以写成字符，再由程序拼接成列表元组，看实际操作怎么方便吧。

第一次登陆需要输入工资，之后就不需要，这个需要创建一个余额文件，启动程序读取文件，如果文件为空，则需要输入工资，如果不为空，读取余额文件，购买商品扣除余额之后修改余额文件。

添加商品，需要输入商品名，价格，创建一个列表，修改价格，用操作列表方式修改。

用户接口流程图

shopping.png

我们先做一个初步的程序，将列表直接写在脚本中，代码示例如下：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

#owner:houyizhong

shoplist=[[1,"iphone",5800],[2,"ipad",3500],[3,"mac pro",12000],[4,"mac air",6800],[5,"apple watch",3000]]

my_shoplist=[]

salary=int(input("Enter your salary:"))

while True:

print(shoplist)

enter_choice=input("Enter your choice:")

#print enter_choice

#print type(enter_choice)

if enter_choice == "q":

print("your salary is {}".format(salary))

print("your shoplist is {}".format(my_shoplist))

break

else:

shop_choice=int(enter_choice)

i=shop_choice-1

shop_goods=shoplist[i][1]

price=shoplist[i][2]

if salary >= price:

print("you buy {}".format(shoplist[i]))

my_shoplist.append(shop_goods)

salary -= price

else:

print("\nsorry your salary isn's enought\n")

上面中，我们将商品列表写为

shoplist=[[1,"iphone",5800],[2,"ipad",3500],[3,"mac pro",12000],[4,"mac air",6800],[5,"apple watch",3000]]

也是说，每个商品的序号是写死的，这样是因为还未掌握打印列表项目序号的方法，通过学习和上网查找，我们知道，enumerate(list)方法可以打印出列表各项object的在列表中的index位置，用法如下：

list=["a","b","c"]

for i in enumerate(list):

print(i)

-----------------

(0, 'a')

(1, 'b')

(2, 'c')

另外，我们这个程序还有个bug就是，如果用户输入的"salary"和"enter_choice"既非数字也非退出键"q"，那么程序会出现报错，所以，我们需要对用户输入的salary和enter_choice做一个判断，我们用arg.isdigit()方法来判断变量是否是数字类型，用法示例如下(需要注意的是，变量赋值得是字符str，数字int是不能用isdigit方法判断的)：

salary=input()

if salary.isdigit():

print True

除此之外，我们还要考虑到当商品编号超出可供选择的范围会报错，所以我们还需要对用户输入的choice做一个判断如果，选择在0到5之间就返回正确的值，不在这个返回就会返回商品不存在信息。

经过完善，我们的代码如下：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

#owner:houyizhong

shoplist=[["iphone",5800],["ipad",3500],["mac pro",12000],["mac air",6800],["apple watch",3000]]

my_shoplist=[]

salary=input("Enter your salary:")

if salary.isdigit():

salary=int(salary)

while True:

for index,item in enumerate(product_list):

print(index+1,item)

user_choice=input("Choice a product code:")

if user_choice.isdigit():

user_choice = int(user_choice)

if user_choice <= len(product_list) and user_choice > 0:

user_choice -= 1

if product_list[user_choice][1] <= salary:

shopping_list.append(product_list[user_choice][0])

salary -= product_list[user_choice][1]

print("Added {0} to your shopping_list!Your salary is {1}\n".format(product_list[user_choice][0],salary))

else:

print("Sorry your salary is not enought!\n")

else:

print("Sorry,product code isn's exist!\n")

elif user_choice == "q":

exit("Your shopping list is {0},your salary is {1}.".format(shopping_list,salary))

else:

print("Your enter invalid!\n")

else:

if salary == "q":

exit("Your shopping list is {0},your salary is {1}.".format(shopping_list,salary))

else:

print("Sorry,your enter invalid!")

继续

目前，我们已经做出了一个demo版的购物车程序，接下来，我们要实现从文件中读取数据。

根据以往的经验，我决定把存放商品信息的文件，按如下格式写：

#cat product.txt

iphone:5800

mac pro:12000

bike:800

book:55

coffee:31

这样我将信息加入列表时，就只需要按照":"来分裂原本并在一起的数据，用split(":")方法即可形成一个单独的小列表。

product_list=[['iphone', 5800], ['mac pro', 12000], ['bike', 800], ['book', 55], ['coffee', 31]]

问题

在实现过程中，遇到了一个问题，就是我从balance.txt文件中读取数据，file.readlines()形成一个列表，如果文件为空，则，这个列表为空，那么怎么判断列表是否为空呢，通过上网查询，很快找到了答案：

有两种方法，一种是根据len(list)来判断，另外一种直接以list为判断条件，list为空直接返回False，示例如下

if len(mylist):

# Do something with my list

else:

# The list is empty

if mylist:

# Do something with my list

else:

# The list is empty

两种方法都可以用来判断列表是否有数据。

形成代码如下：

product_list=[]

shopping_list=[]

#read product file

product_file=open("product.txt","r")

pro_read=product_file.readlines()

product_file.close()

#read product and price

for i in pro_read:

i=i.strip()

pro_raw=i.split(":")

price=int(pro_raw[1])

pro_raw.insert(1,price)

pro_raw.pop()

product_list.append(pro_raw)

#read balance file

balance_file=open("balance.txt","r")

bal_read=balance_file.readlines()

balance_file.close()

#if balance exists

if bal_read:

salary=int(bal_read)

else:

salary=input("Enter your salary:")

if salary.isdigit():

salary=int(salary)

while True:

for index,item in enumerate(product_list):

print(index+1,item)

user_choice=input("Choice a product code:")

if user_choice.isdigit():

user_choice = int(user_choice)

if user_choice <= len(product_list) and user_choice > 0:

user_choice -= 1

if product_list[user_choice][1] <= salary:

shopping_list.append(product_list[user_choice][0])

salary -= product_list[user_choice][1]

print("Added {0} to your shopping_list!Your salary is {1}\n".format(product_list[user_choice][0],salary))

else:

print("Sorry your salary is not enought!\n")

else:

print("Sorry,product code isn's exist!\n")

elif user_choice == "q":

exit("Your shopping list is {0},your salary is {1}.".format(shopping_list,salary))

else:

print("Your enter invalid!\n")

else:

if salary == "q":

exit("Your shopping list is {0},your salary is {1}.".format(shopping_list,salary))

else:

print("Sorry,your enter invalid!")

写入balance.txt

接下来，我们需要把余额写入balance文件，根据流程图，写入动作是发生在退出程序时的，每一次退出都要有修改文件的动作。所以我们用def函数来做这个操作更好。

代码如下：

#-*-coding:utf-8 -*-

#owner:houyizhong

#version:2.0

product_list=[]

shopping_list=[]

#read product file

product_file=open("product.txt","r")

pro_read=product_file.readlines()

product_file.close()

#read product and price

for i in pro_read:

i=i.strip()

pro_raw=i.split(":")

price=int(pro_raw[1])

pro_raw.insert(1,price)

pro_raw.pop()

product_list.append(pro_raw)

#read balance file

balance_file=open("balance.txt","r")

bal_read=balance_file.readlines()

balance_file.close()

#write balance file

def write_balance (balance):

balance_file=open("balance.txt","w")

balance_file.write("{}".format(balance))

balance_file.close()

exit("Your shopping list is {0},your salary is {1}.".format(shopping_list,salary))

#if balance exists

if bal_read:

salary=bal_read[0]

else:

salary=input("Enter your salary:")

if salary.isdigit():

salary=int(salary)

while True:

for index,item in enumerate(product_list):

print(index+1,item)

user_choice=input("Choice a product code:")

if user_choice.isdigit():

user_choice = int(user_choice)

if user_choice <= len(product_list) and user_choice > 0:

user_choice -= 1

if product_list[user_choice][1] <= salary:

shopping_list.append(product_list[user_choice][0])

salary -= product_list[user_choice][1]

print("Added {0} to your shopping_list!Your salary is {1}\n".format(product_list[user_choice][0],salary))

else:

print("Sorry your salary is not enought!\n")

else:

print("Sorry,product code isn's exist!\n")

elif user_choice == "q":

write_balance(salary)

else:

print("Your enter invalid!\n")

else:

if salary == "q":

write_balance(salary)

else:

print("Sorry,your enter invalid!")

关于用户接口的部分到现在为止就算完成了，接下里是商家接口的。

商家接口

流程图示意

manage_product.png

流程确定好了以后，我们来想想怎么写文件比较好，之前我们的商品文件是用这种形式写的：

#cat product.txt

iphone:5800

mac pro:12000

bike:800

book:55

coffee:31

写入文件的话，需要写成

for i in list:

f.write("{0}:{1}".format(i[0],i[1]))

先试一下。复制这段代码，实验成功之后，我们再来写其他的部分。

def函数

可以多用用def函数，因为看流程图有很多动作是可以复用的。

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

#owner:houyizhong

#version:1.0

product_list=[]

#read product file

product_file=open("product.txt","r")

pro_read=product_file.readlines()

product_file.close()

#read the product and price

for i in pro_read:

i=i.strip()

pro_raw=i.split(":")

product_list.append(pro_raw)

def write_product ():

f=open("product.txt","w")

for i in product_list:

f.write("{0}:{1}\n".format(i[0],i[1]))

f.close()

exit()

def add_pro():

addproduct=input("Enter add product:")

addprice=input("Enter product price:")

add_list=[addproduct,addprice]

product_list.append(add_list)

print ("Your list is {}\n".format(product_list))

def w_pro():

changepro=input("Choice a product code:")

changepro = int(changepro) -1

changeprice=input("Enter product price:")

product_list[changepro][1]=changeprice

print ("Your list is {}\n".format(product_list))

def loop(enter_choice):

while True:

if enter_choice == "q":

exit()

elif enter_choice == "add":

add_pro()

pass

elif enter_choice == "w":

w_pro()

pass

elif enter_choice == "wq":

write_product()

else:

print("Sorry,your enter is invalid!\n")

for index,item in enumerate(product_list):

print (index+1,item)

print("\nEnter 'add':Added product\nEnter 'w':Change the product price\nEnter 'q':Out\nEnter 'wq':Save and exit\n")

enter_choice=input("Enter your choice:")

while True:

for index,item in enumerate(product_list):

print (index+1,item)

print("\nEnter 'add':Added product\nEnter 'w':Change the product price\nEnter 'q':Out\n")

action=input("Enter your choice:")

if action == "q":

exit()

elif action == "add":

loop(action)

pass

elif action == "w":

loop(action)

pass

else:

print("Sorry,your enter is invalid!\n")

接下来跟之前一样，需要对用户输入的choice判断边界，以及是不是数据类型，最好我们给添加一个后退选项，对用户友好些。

完成后的代码如下：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

#owner:houyizhong

#version:2.0

product_list=[]

#read product file

product_file=open("product.txt","r")

pro_read=product_file.readlines()

product_file.close()

#read the product and price

for i in pro_read:

i=i.strip()

pro_raw=i.split(":")

product_list.append(pro_raw)

def write_product ():

f=open("product.txt","w")

for i in product_list:

f.write("{0}:{1}\n".format(i[0],i[1]))

f.close()

exit()

def add_pro():

addproduct=raw_input("Enter add product('b' is back):")

if addproduct == "b":

pass

else:

addprice=raw_input("Enter product price('b' is back):")

if addprice == "b":

pass

else:

add_list=[addproduct,addprice]

product_list.append(add_list)

print ("Your list is {}\n".format(product_list))

def w_pro():

while True:

changepro=raw_input("Choice a product code('b' is back):")

if changepro.isdigit():

changepro = int(changepro) -1

if not 0 <= changepro < len(product_list):

print("Sorry,your enter is not exist!\n")

else:

changeprice=raw_input("Enter product price('b' is back):")

if changeprice == "b":

pass

else:

product_list[changepro][1]=changeprice

print ("Your list is {}\n".format(product_list))

break

elif changepro == "b":

break

else:

print("Please enter a digit!\n")

def loop(enter_choice):

while True:

if enter_choice == "q":

exit()

elif enter_choice == "add":

add_pro()

pass

elif enter_choice == "w":

w_pro()

pass

elif enter_choice == "wq":

write_product()

else:

print("Sorry,your enter is invalid!\n")

for index,item in enumerate(product_list):

print (index+1,item)

print("\nEnter 'add':Added product\nEnter 'w':Change the product price\nEnter 'q':Out\nEnter 'wq':Save and exit\n")

enter_choice=raw_input("Enter your choice:")

while True:

for index,item in enumerate(product_list):

print (index+1,item)

print("\nEnter 'add':Added product\nEnter 'w':Change the product price\nEnter 'q':Out\n")

action=raw_input("Enter your choice:")

if action == "q":

exit()

elif action == "add":

loop(action)

pass

elif action == "w":

loop(action)

pass

else:

print("Sorry,your enter is invalid!\n")

到目前为止，我们已经完成了用户接口和商家接口的操作。

后续改进的意见

后续改进意见：

文件中的几个def函数 可以拿出来单独放在文件中，用import引用进来，这样方便查阅。