linux自带python3.5_linux上安装python3, 保留python2

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-24 10:55:16 发布

weixin_39706861

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-24 10:55:16 发布

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文章标签： linux自带python3.5

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39706861/article/details/111543121

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首先, linux系统中自带python2, 所以可以直接使用python命令, 注意, 安装python2不能卸载安装依赖

rpm

sudo yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-devel

deb

sudo apt-get install make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libsqlite3-dev

首先要先安装依赖, 不然后面安装python时将不会自动安装pip下载python

ftp站点

https://www.python.org/ftp/python

在上面的页面中找到需要下载的包, 然后使用命令

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.4/Python-3.5.4.tar.xz

下载完成之后在当前运行wget命令的目录下就可以看到下载的文件

然后tar命令解压, 如下

tar -xf Python-3.5.4.tar.xz

就会得到Python-3.5.4名文件夹

创建一个需要存放安装文件的文件夹,例如我创建的路径/usr/local/python3/

mkdir -p /usr/local/python3

然后cd进入Python-3.5.4

执行编译安装

sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3/

sudo make

sudo make install

执行完成make install后, 其输出如

Collecting setuptools

Collecting pip

Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip

Successfully installed pip-9.0.1 setuptools-28.8.0

[root@10-9-183-29 Python-3.5.4]#

即表示安装完成了, 并安装了pip

之后查看安装路径的结构信息如

[root@10-9-183-29 Python-3.5.4]# cd /usr/local/python3/

[root@10-9-183-29 python3]# ls

bin include lib share

[root@10-9-183-29 python3]#

[root@10-9-183-29 python3]# cd bin

[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# ls

2to3 2to3-3.5 easy_install-3.5 idle3 idle3.5 pip3 pip3.5 pydoc3 pydoc3.5 python3 python3.5 python3.5-config python3.5m python3.5m-config python3-config pyvenv pyvenv-3.5

[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# ls -l

total 24128

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Sep 3 10:25 2to3 -> 2to3-3.5

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 109 Sep 3 10:25 2to3-3.5

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 250 Sep 3 10:25 easy_install-3.5

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Sep 3 10:25 idle3 -> idle3.5

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 107 Sep 3 10:25 idle3.5

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 Sep 3 10:25 pip3

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 Sep 3 10:25 pip3.5

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Sep 3 10:25 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.5

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92 Sep 3 10:25 pydoc3.5

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 3 10:25 python3 -> python3.5

-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12334016 Sep 3 10:25 python3.5

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Sep 3 10:25 python3.5-config -> python3.5m-config

-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12334016 Sep 3 10:25 python3.5m

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3088 Sep 3 10:25 python3.5m-config

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Sep 3 10:25 python3-config -> python3.5-config

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 3 10:25 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.5

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 244 Sep 3 10:25 pyvenv-3.5

[root@10-9-183-29 bin]#

这里可以通过配置环境变量来使用python3命令, 当然也可以直接将python3命令通过软连接到/usr/bin目录下

不过看上面的输出可以知道

python3是python3.5的软连接

pip3则没有软连接

则要使用python3命令即可以直接将这个python3文件复制到/usr/bin目录下

要使用pip3命令则可以使用创建软连接的方式来使用

如在当前目录(安装目录的bin)下执行命令

cp python3 /usr/bin/

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

这样就完成了

在/usr/bin目录下查看

[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# ls -l | grep pip

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2291 Jul 31 2015 lesspipe.sh

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Sep 3 10:39 pip3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3

[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# ls -l | grep python

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Sep 3 10:39 pip3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Sep 2 21:42 python -> python2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 2 21:42 python2 -> python2.7

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7216 Jul 13 21:07 python2.7

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12334016 Sep 3 10:37 python3

[root@10-9-183-29 bin]#

output:

[root@10-9-183-29 automatic_monitor]# yum install openssl-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

10gen | 2.5 kB 00:00:00

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

centosplus | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

epel | 3.2 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

(1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 939 kB 00:00:00

(2/2): epel/x86_64/primary | 3.6 MB 00:00:01

epel 12663/12663

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: krb5-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libkadm5(x86-64) = 1.15.1-19.el7 for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libverto-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libselinux-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libcom_err-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: keyutils-libs-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64

---> Package zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-17.el7 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 will be installed

---> Package libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 will be installed

---> Package libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 will be installed

---> Package libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libsepol-devel(x86-64) >= 2.5-6 for package: libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libsepol) for package: libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libpcre) for package: libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64

---> Package libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-8.1.el7 will be installed

---> Package pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

Installing:

openssl-devel x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 base 1.5 M

Installing for dependencies:

keyutils-libs-devel x86_64 1.5.8-3.el7 base 37 k

krb5-devel x86_64 1.15.1-19.el7 updates 269 k

libcom_err-devel x86_64 1.42.9-12.el7_5 updates 31 k

libkadm5 x86_64 1.15.1-19.el7 updates 175 k

libselinux-devel x86_64 2.5-12.el7 base 186 k

libsepol-devel x86_64 2.5-8.1.el7 base 77 k

libverto-devel x86_64 0.2.5-4.el7 base 12 k

pcre-devel x86_64 8.32-17.el7 base 480 k

zlib-devel x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 base 50 k

Transaction Summary

Install 1 Package (+9 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 2.8 M

Installed size: 6.0 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

(1/10): keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00:00

(2/10): libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00

(3/10): krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64.rpm | 269 kB 00:00:00

(4/10): libkadm5-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64.rpm | 175 kB 00:00:00

(5/10): libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64.rpm | 186 kB 00:00:00

(6/10): libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 12 kB 00:00:00

(7/10): libsepol-devel-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 77 kB 00:00:00

(8/10): openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00:00

(9/10): zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 50 kB 00:00:00

(10/10): pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 480 kB 00:00:00

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 11 MB/s | 2.8 MB 00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/10

Installing : libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64 2/10

Installing : libkadm5-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 3/10

Installing : libsepol-devel-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64 4/10

Installing : pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 5/10

Installing : libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64 6/10

Installing : libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 7/10

Installing : krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 8/10

Installing : zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 9/10

Installing : 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64 10/10

Verifying : krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 1/10

Verifying : zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 2/10

Verifying : 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64 3/10

Verifying : libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 4/10

Verifying : libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64 5/10

Verifying : pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 6/10

Verifying : libsepol-devel-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64 7/10

Verifying : libkadm5-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 8/10

Verifying : libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64 9/10

Verifying : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 10/10

Installed:

openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7

Dependency Installed:

keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-8.1.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7

pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-17.el7

Complete!

[root@10-9-183-29 automatic_monitor]# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Package zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package sqlite-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package bzip2-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed

---> Package sqlite-devel.x86_64 0:3.7.17-8.el7 will be installed