linux qemu挂载外置端口,Qemu虚拟机中挂载NFS

在Qemu运行的虚拟机中经常需要挂载NFS文件系统，在CenterOS 6.0系统中做了一次配置，在虚拟机中运行一个initramfs并在其中成功地挂载了NFS。下面是实验步骤的记录。

一、建立开发环境

yum groupinstall "Development Tools"

yum install glibc-static

二、安装Qemu

yum install zlib

yum install SDL SDL-devel

yum install gnutls-devel

cd ~

wget

tar zxvf qemu-0.15.1.tar.gz

cd qemu-0.15.1

./configure; make; make install

注意：编译过程中可能出现"out of memory"错误，可以尝试在Makefile中加入

CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS) -pipe

来解决。

三、 制作一个initramfs用于启动虚拟机

cd ~

mkdir image

wget

tar jxvf busybox-1.19.3.tar.bz2

cd busybox-1.19.3

make defconfig

make menuconfig

Build options

--> Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)

make

make install CONFIG_PREFIX=~/image

cd ~/image

mkdir proc sys dev etc mnt

mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1

mknod -m 600 dev/null c 1 3

mkdir etc/init.d

emacs etc/init.d/rcS

#!/bin/sh

mount -t proc proc /proc

mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys

mdev -s

chmod +x etc/init.d/rcS

emacs etc/inittab

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

tty1::askfirst:/bin/sh

tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh

tty3::askfirst:/bin/sh

tty4::askfirst:/bin/sh

tty5::askfirst:/bin/sh

tty6::askfirst:/bin/sh

::restart:/sbin/init

::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot

::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r

mv linuxrc init

find . | cpio -o -H newc | gzip > ~/image.cpio.gz

cd /usr/src

wget

tar jxvf linux-2.6.34.tar.bz2

ln -s linux-2.6.34 linux

cd /usr/src/linux

make menuconfig

Device Drivers

--> Block devices

--> RAM block device support (使用独立的initrd)

make

make modules_install

qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd ~/image.cpio.gz -vnc :1

四、配置虚拟网桥和TAP设备，使宿主机与虚拟机可以通信

1. 如果内核不支持TAP设备或虚拟网桥就需要编译内核。Center OS 6.0默认是支持的，所以无需编译内核。

yum install kernel

yum install ncurses-devel

Device Drivers

--> Network device support

--> Universal TUN/TAP device driver support (支持TAP设备)

Networking support

--> Networking options

--> 802.1d Ethernet Bridging (支持虚拟网桥)

注：CenterOS有自己的一套编译内核的方法。参见：

2. 安装相关软件并进行虚拟网桥和TAP设备的配置。

yum install brctl

yum install tunctl

emacs /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"

BOOTPROTO="dhcp"

HWADDR="00:0C:29:20:dc:25"

NM_CONTROLLED="yes"

ONBOOT="yes"

BRIDGE="br0"

emacs /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0

DEVICE="br0"

TYPE="Bridge"

BOOTPROTO="dhcp"

ONBOOT="yes"

emacs /etc/qemu-ifup

#!/bin/sh

if [ -n "$1" ];then

brctl addif br0 tap0

ifconfig tap0 0.0.0.0 up

exit 0

else

echo "Error: no interface specified"

exit 1

fi

emacs /etc/qemu-ifdown

#! /bin/sh

if [ -n "$1" ];then

ifconfig tap0 down

brctl delif br0 tap0

exit 0

else

echo "Error: no interface specified"

exit 1

fi

chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup

chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown

3. 测试虚拟机与宿主机的连通性。

首先需要将宿主机的防火墙关闭：

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off

调整虚拟机initramfs内容以支持DHCP客户端：

cd ~/image

cp ~/busybox-1.19.3/examples/udhcp/simple.script usr/share/udhcpc/default.script

find . | cpio -o -H newc | gzip > ~/image.cpio.gz

虚拟机内核中需要编入至少一种网卡驱动：

cd /usr/src/linux

make menuconfig

Device drivers

--> Network device support

--> Ethernet (1000Mbit)

--> Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet support (Intel 82540EM，Qemu默认网卡)

Device drivers

--> Network device support

--> Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)

--> AMD PCnet32 PCI support (PCNet32)

make

make modules_install

qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd ~/image.cpio.gz -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0 -vnc :1

在虚拟机中输入：

ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 up

udhcpc -i eth0

五、在虚拟机中挂载NFS首先安装并设置宿主机中的NFS服务器

yum install nfs-utils

emacs /etc/exports

/    192.168.0.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/etc/init.d/nfs start

chkconfig nfs on

需要编译虚拟机内核中对NFS客户端的支持：

cd /usr/src/linux

make menuconfig

File systems

--> Network File systems

--> NFS client support

make

make modules_install

qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd ~/image.cpio.gz -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0 -vnc :1

在虚拟机中输入：

ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 up

udhcpc -i eth0

mount -t nfs -o nolock 192.168.0.24:/ /mnt

mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc

mount -t sysfs sysfs /mnt/sys

mount -v -o bind /mnt/dev dev

chroot /mnt /bin/bash --login

参考文献

1.

2.

3. 安装qemu虚拟机

4. qemu虚拟机与外部网络的通信

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