python怎样实现多表连接_Python Day45多表连接查询

一、多表连接查询

1 交叉连接：不适用任何匹配条件。生成笛卡尔积

mysql> select * fromemployee,department;+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 202 | 销售 |

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 203 | 运营 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 200 | 技术 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 202 | 销售 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 203 | 运营 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 200 | 技术 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 202 | 销售 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 203 | 运营 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 200 | 技术 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 203 | 运营 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 202 | 销售 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 203 | 运营 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | 200 | 技术 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | 202 | 销售 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | 203 | 运营 |

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

2 内连接：只连接匹配的行

#找两张表共有的部分，相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了正确的结果#department没有204这个部门，因而employee表中关于204这条员工信息没有匹配出来

mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+

| id | name | age | sex | name |

+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+

| 1 | egon | 18 | male | 技术 |

| 2 | alex | 48 | female | 人力资源 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | 38 | male | 人力资源 |

| 4 | yuanhao | 28 | female | 销售 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | 18 | male | 技术 |

+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+

#上述sql等同于

mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id;

3 外链接之左连接：优先显示左表全部记录

#以左表为准，即找出所有员工信息，当然包括没有部门的员工#本质就是：在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的结果

mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;+----+------------+--------------+

| id | name | depart_name |

+----+------------+--------------+

| 1 | egon | 技术 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | 技术 |

| 2 | alex | 人力资源 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | 人力资源 |

| 4 | yuanhao | 销售 |

| 6 | jingliyang | NULL |

+----+------------+--------------+

4 外链接之右连接：优先显示右表全部记录

#以右表为准，即找出所有部门信息，包括没有员工的部门#本质就是：在内连接的基础上增加右边有左边没有的结果

mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;+------+-----------+--------------+

| id | name | depart_name |

+------+-----------+--------------+

| 1 | egon | 技术 |

| 2 | alex | 人力资源 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | 人力资源 |

| 4 | yuanhao | 销售 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | 技术 |

| NULL | NULL | 运营 |

+------+-----------+--------------+

5 全外连接：显示左右两个表全部记录

全外连接：在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果#注意：mysql不支持全外连接 full JOIN#强调：mysql可以使用此种方式间接实现全外连接

select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id =department.id

union

select* from employee right join department on employee.dep_id =department.id

;#查看结果

+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |

+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | NULL | NULL |

| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 203 | 运营 |

+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

#注意 union与union all的区别：union会去掉相同的纪录

二、子查询

1：子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。

2：内层查询语句的查询结果，可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。

3：子查询中可以包含：IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字

4：还可以包含比较运算符：= 、 !=、> 、

1 带IN关键字的子查询

查询employee表，但dep_id必须在department表中出现过

select* fromemployee

where dep_idin(select idfrom department);

2 带比较运算符的子查询

#比较运算符：=、!=、>、>=、#查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名

select id,name fromdepartment

where idin(select dep_idfrom employee group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25);#查看技术部员工姓名

select name fromemployee

where dep_idin(select idfrom department where name='技术');#查看不足1人的部门名

select name fromdepartment

where idin(select dep_idfrom employee group by dep_id having count(id) <=1);

3 带EXISTS关键字的子查询

EXISTS关字键字表示存在。在使用EXISTS关键字时，内层查询语句不返回查询的记录。

而是返回一个真假值。True或False

当返回True时，外层查询语句将进行查询；当返回值为False时，外层查询语句不进行查询

#department表中存在dept_id=203，Ture

mysql> select * fromemployee->where exists-> (select id from department where id=200);+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

| id | name | sex | age | dep_id |

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

#department表中存在dept_id=205，False

mysql> select * fromemployee->where exists-> (select id from department where id=204);

Empty set (0.00 sec)