python中的帮助_python中3个帮助函数help，di

1 help函数：查看模块、函数、变量的详细说明：查看模块>>> help("modules")

Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules...

BaseHTTPServer array htmllib sets

Bastion ast httplib sgmllib

CDROM asynchat ihooks sha

CGIHTTPServer asyncore imaplib shelve

Canvas atexit imghdr shlex

ConfigParser audiodev imp shutil

Cookie audioop importlib signal

DLFCN axi imputil site

Dialog base64 inspect sitecustomize

DocXMLRPCServer bdb io smtpd

FileDialog binascii itertools smtplib查看包>>> help("json")

Help on package json:

NAME

json

FILE

/usr/lib/python2.7/json/__init__.py

MODULE DOCS

http://docs.python.org/library/json

DESCRIPTION

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a subset of

JavaScript syntax (ECMA-262 3rd edition) used as a lightweight data

interchange format.

:mod:`json` exposes an API familiar to users of the standard library

:mod:`marshal` and :mod:`pickle` modules. It is the externally maintained

version of the :mod:`json` library contained in Python 2.6, but maintains

compatibility with Python 2.4 and Python 2.5 and (currently) has

significant performance advantages, even without using the optional C

extension for speedups.

Encoding basic Python object hierarchies::查看类>>> help(json.JSONDecoder)

Help on class JSONDecoder in module json.decoder:

class JSONDecoder(__builtin__.object)

| Simple JSON decoder

|

| Performs the following translations in decoding by default:

|

| +---------------+-------------------+

| | JSON | Python |

| +===============+===================+

| | object | dict |

| +---------------+-------------------+

| | array | list |

| +---------------+-------------------+

| | string | unicode |

| +---------------+-------------------+

| | number (int) | int, long |

| +---------------+-------------------+

| | number (real) | float |

| +---------------+-------------------+

| | true | True |

| +---------------+-------------------+

| | false | False |查看函数：>>> help(json.dump)

Help on function dump in module json:

dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, **kw)

Serialize ``obj`` as a JSON formatted stream to ``fp`` (a

``.write()``-supporting file-like object).

If ``skipkeys`` is true then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types

(``str``, ``unicode``, ``int``, ``long``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``)

will be skipped instead of raising a ``TypeError``.

If ``ensure_ascii`` is false, then the some chunks written to ``fp``

may be ``unicode`` instances, subject to normal Python ``str`` to

``unicode`` coercion rules. Unless ``fp.write()`` explicitly

understands ``unicode`` (as in ``codecs.getwriter()``) this is likely

to cause an error.

2 dir函数：查看变量可用的函数或方法>>> import sys

>>> dir(sys)

['__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__excepthook__', '__name__', '__package__', '__stderr__', '__stdin__', '__stdout__', '_clear_type_cache', '_current_frames', '_getframe', '_mercurial', 'api_version', 'argv', 'builtin_module_names', 'byteorder', 'call_tracing', 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook', 'dont_write_bytecode', 'exc_clear', 'exc_info', 'exc_type', 'excepthook', 'exec_prefix', 'executable', 'exit', 'exitfunc', 'flags', 'float_info', 'float_repr_style', 'getcheckinterval', 'getdefaultencoding', 'getdlopenflags', 'getfilesystemencoding', 'getprofile', 'getrecursionlimit', 'getrefcount', 'getsizeof', 'gettrace', 'hexversion', 'last_traceback', 'last_type', 'last_value', 'long_info', 'maxint', 'maxsize', 'maxunicode', 'meta_path', 'modules', 'path', 'path_hooks', 'path_importer_cache', 'platform', 'prefix', 'ps1', 'ps2', 'py3kwarning', 'pydebug', 'setcheckinterval', 'setdlopenflags', 'setprofile', 'setrecursionlimit', 'settrace', 'stderr', 'stdin', 'stdout', 'subversion', 'version', 'version_info', 'warnoptions']

3 type函数：查看变量的类型

>>> type (json.__name__)

>>> type (json.decoder)

4 退出python命令行

windows: ctrl+z 回车

linux：ctrl+d

注：使用pydoc module 可查看模块的文档说明