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The MicroPython project

This is the MicroPython project, which aims to put an implementation of Python

3.x on microcontrollers and small embedded systems. You can find the official

website at

micropython.org

.

WARNING: this project is in beta stage and is subject to changes of the code-

base, including project-wide name changes and API changes.

MicroPython implements the entire Python 3.4 syntax (including exceptions,

with

,

yield from

, etc., and additionally

async

/

await

keywords from

Python 3.5). The following core datatypes are provided:

str

(including basic

Unicode support),

bytes

,

bytearray

,

tuple

,

list

,

dict

,

set

,

frozenset

,

array.array

,

collections.namedtuple

, classes and instances.

Builtin modules include

sys

,

time

, and

struct

, etc. Select ports have

support for

_thread

module (multithreading). Note that only a subset of

Python 3 functionality is implemented for the data types and modules.

MicroPython can execute scripts in textual source form or from precompiled

bytecode, in both cases either from an on-device filesystem or "frozen" into

the MicroPython executable.

See the repository

http://github.com/micropython/pyboard

for the MicroPython

board (PyBoard), the officially supported reference electronic circuit board.

Major components in this repository:

py/ -- the core Python implementation, including compiler, runtime, and core library.

mpy-cross/ -- the MicroPython cross-compiler which is used to turn scripts into precompiled bytecode.

ports/unix/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Unix.

ports/stm32/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the PyBoard and similar STM32 boards (using ST's Cube HAL drivers).

ports/minimal/ -- a minimal MicroPython port. Start with this if you want to port MicroPython to another microcontroller.

tests/ -- test framework and test scripts.

docs/ -- user documentation in Sphinx reStructuredText format. Rendered HTML documentation is available at

http://docs.micropython.org

.

Additional components:

ports/bare-arm/ -- a bare minimum version of MicroPython for ARM MCUs. Used mostly to control code size.

ports/teensy/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the Teensy 3.1 (preliminary but functional).

ports/pic16bit/ -- a version of MicroPython for 16-bit PIC microcontrollers.

ports/cc3200/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the CC3200 from TI.

ports/esp8266/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Espressif's ESP8266 SoC.

ports/esp32/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Espressif's ESP32 SoC.

ports/nrf/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Nordic's nRF51 and nRF52 MCUs.

extmod/ -- additional (non-core) modules implemented in C.

tools/ -- various tools, including the pyboard.py module.

examples/ -- a few example Python scripts.

The subdirectories above may include READMEs with additional info.

"make" is used to build the components, or "gmake" on BSD-based systems. You

will also need bash, gcc, and Python 3.3+ available as the command

python3

(if your system only has Python 2.7 then invoke make with the additional

option

PYTHON=python2

).

The Unix version

The "unix" port requires a standard Unix environment with gcc and GNU make.

x86 and x64 architectures are supported (i.e. x86 32- and 64-bit), as well as

ARM and MIPS. Making full-featured port to another architecture requires

writing some assembly code for the exception handling and garbage collection.

Alternatively, fallback implementation based on setjmp/longjmp can be used.

To build (see section below for required dependencies):

$ git submodule update --init

$ cd ports/unix

$ make

Then to give it a try:

$ ./micropython

>>> list(5 * x + y for x in range(10) for y in [4, 2, 1])

Use

CTRL-D

(i.e. EOF) to exit the shell. Learn about command-line options

(in particular, how to increase heap size which may be needed for larger

applications):

$ ./micropython --help

Run complete testsuite:

$ make test

Unix version comes with a builtin package manager called upip, e.g.:

$ ./micropython -m upip install micropython-pystone

$ ./micropython -m pystone

Browse available modules on

PyPI

.

Standard library modules come from

micropython-

lib

project.

External dependencies

Building MicroPython ports may require some dependencies installed.

For Unix port,

libffi

library and

pkg-config

tool are required. On

Debian/Ubuntu/Mint derivative Linux distros, install

build-essential

(includes toolchain and make),

libffi-dev

, and

pkg-config

packages.

Other dependencies can be built together with MicroPython. This may be

required to enable extra features or capabilities, and in recent versions of

MicroPython, these may be enabled by default. To build these additional

dependencies, first fetch git submodules for them:

$ git submodule update --init

Use the same command to get the latest versions of dependencies, as they are

updated from time to time. After that, in the port directory (e.g.

ports/unix/

), execute:

$ make deplibs

This will build all available dependencies (regardless whether they are used

or not). If you intend to build MicroPython with additional options (like

cross-compiling), the same set of options should be passed to

make deplibs

.

To actually enable/disable use of dependencies, edit

ports/unix/mpconfigport.mk

file, which has inline descriptions of the

options. For example, to build SSL module (required for

upip

tool described

above, and so enabled by dfeault),

MICROPY_PY_USSL

should be set to 1.

For some ports, building required dependences is transparent, and happens

automatically. They still need to be fetched with the git submodule command

above.

The STM32 version

The "stm32" port requires an ARM compiler, arm-none-eabi-gcc, and associated

bin-utils. For those using Arch Linux, you need arm-none-eabi-binutils, arm-

none-eabi-gcc and arm-none-eabi-newlib packages. Otherwise, try here:

https://launchpad.net/gcc-arm-embedded

To build:

$ git submodule update --init

$ cd ports/stm32

$ make

You then need to get your board into DFU mode. On the pyboard, connect the 3V3

pin to the P1/DFU pin with a wire (on PYBv1.0 they are next to each other on

the bottom left of the board, second row from the bottom).

Then to flash the code via USB DFU to your device:

$ make deploy

This will use the included

tools/pydfu.py

script. If flashing the firmware

does not work it may be because you don't have the correct permissions, and

need to use

sudo make deploy

. See the README.md file in the ports/stm32/

directory for further details.

Contributing

MicroPython is an open-source project and welcomes contributions. To be

productive, please be sure to follow the

Contributors'

Guidelines

and the

Code

Conventions

.

Note that MicroPython is licenced under the MIT license, and all contributions

should follow this license.