python自动化运维入门_python自动化运维-基础篇之psutil

系统基础信息

系统基础模块主要就是监控linux服务器的资源使用情况。比如网卡,内存，cpu等资源使用率

psutil模块

psutil是一个跨平台的模块，可以获取系统运行的进程和资源的使用率

安装psutil

wget https://pypi.org/project/psutil/#files/psutil-5.7.0.tar.gz

tar xf psutil-5.7.0.tar.gz

cd psutil-5.7.0

python setup.py install

系统性能信息

CPU

user time 执行用户进程时间占比

system time 内核进程和中断进程

iowait IO等待导致cpu处于idel空闲状态时间占比

Idle cpu处于空闲的占比

>>> psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)

[scputimes(user=441.55, nice=0.04, system=192.4, idle=25082.39, iowait=7.05, irq=0.0, softirq=3.16, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)]

逻辑cpu个数

>>> psutil.cpu_count()

1

物理个数

>>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)

1

获取用户进程时间占比

>>> psutil.cpu_times().user

441.77

内存

获取linux内存的total(内存总数)，userd(使用)，free(空闲)，buffers(缓冲使用数)，swap(交换区使用数)，cache(缓存使用数)

>>> type(psutil.virtual_memory())

>>> psutil.virtual_memory()

svmem(total=1019645952, available=563720192, percent=44.7, used=279293952, free=91193344, active=372215808, inactive=318390272, buffers=4096, cached=649154560, shared=7311360, slab=166547456)

>>> mem = psutil.virtual_memory()

>>> mem.total

1019645952

swap就是磁盘做内存使用，说明内存已经溢出，要注意了

>>> psutil.swap_memory()

sswap(total=2147479552, used=3428352, free=2144051200, percent=0.2, sin=344064, sout=3624960)

DISK磁盘

>>> psutil.disk_partitions()

[sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/centos-root', mountpoint='/', fstype='xfs', opts='rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota'), sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/boot', fstype='xfs', opts='rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota')]

具体分区的使用率

>>> psutil.disk_usage('/')

sdiskusage(total=18238930944, used=4890099712, free=13348831232, percent=26.8)

硬盘总的IO数

>>> psutil.disk_io_counters()

sdiskio(read_count=11900, write_count=395, read_bytes=451097600, write_bytes=9930752, read_time=25756, write_time=826, read_merged_count=1, write_merged_count=11, busy_time=15498)

具体到分区的IO数

>>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)

{'sda': sdiskio(read_count=6252, write_count=210, read_bytes=229998592, write_bytes=6129152, read_time=12991, write_time=452, read_merged_count=1, write_merged_count=14, busy_time=7853), 'sda1': sdiskio(read_count=511, write_count=4, read_bytes=6200320, write_bytes=2097152, read_time=220, write_time=7, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=216), 'sda2': sdiskio(read_count=5711, write_count=206, read_bytes=222217216, write_bytes=4032000, read_time=12766, write_time=445, read_merged_count=1, write_merged_count=14, busy_time=7666), 'sr0': sdiskio(read_count=18, write_count=0, read_bytes=1052672, write_bytes=0, read_time=37, write_time=0, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=27), 'dm-0': sdiskio(read_count=5542, write_count=220, read_bytes=217789440, write_bytes=4032000, read_time=12711, write_time=505, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=7621), 'dm-1': sdiskio(read_count=88, write_count=0, read_bytes=2256896, write_bytes=0, read_time=17, write_time=0, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=11)}

网卡

主要是bytes_sent，bytes_recv，packets_sent, packets_recv

总的数据包发送接收信息

>>> psutil.net_io_counters()

snetio(bytes_sent=46168, bytes_recv=105921, packets_sent=385, packets_recv=1020, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=136, dropout=0)

每个网络接口的数据包发送接收信息

>>> psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)

{'ens32': snetio(bytes_sent=49652, bytes_recv=116123, packets_sent=419, packets_recv=1120, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=151, dropout=0), 'lo': snetio(bytes_sent=0, bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'docker0': snetio(bytes_sent=0, bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}

获取主机的登录信息

>>> psutil.users()

[suser(name='root', terminal='pts/0', host='192.168.1.147', started=1584152320.0, pid=1231), suser(name='root', terminal='pts/1', host='192.168.1.147', started=1584152448.0, pid=1253)]

系统进程的管理

>>> psutil.pids() #获取进程的pid

[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 。。。。]

>>> p = psutil.Process(680) #实例化某进程

>>> p.exe() #bin路径

'/usr/bin/vmtoolsd'

>>> p.name() #获取进程名

'vmtoolsd'

>>> p.cwd() #工作的路径

'/'

>>> p.status() #状态

'sleeping'

>>> p.create_time( ) #创建时间-时间戳

1584152128.61

>>> p.uids()

puids(real=0, effective=0, saved=0)

>>> p.gids()

pgids(real=0, effective=0, saved=0)

还可以获取cpu mem,具体查看help(模块)...

from subprocess import PIPE 管道

> p = psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python", "-c", "print('mark')"], stdout=PIPE)

>>> p.name()

'python'

>>> p.create_time()

1584155239.31

>>> p.username()

'root'