python 作用域嵌套_Python嵌套函数作用域

I have code like this:

def write_postcodes(self):

"""Write postcodes database. Write data to file pointer. Data

is ordered. Initially index pages are written, grouping postcodes by

the first three characters, allowing for faster searching."""

status("POSTCODE", "Preparing to sort...", 0, 1)

# This function returns the key of x whilst updating the displayed

# status of the sort.

ctr = 0

def keyfunc(x):

ctr += 1

status("POSTCODE", "Sorting postcodes", ctr, len(self.postcodes))

return x

sort_res = self.postcodes[:]

sort_res.sort(key=keyfunc)

But ctr responds with a NameError:

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 53, in

w.write_postcodes()

File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 47, in write_postcodes

sort_res.sort(key=keyfunc)

File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 43, in keyfunc

ctr += 1

UnboundLocalError: local variable 'ctr' referenced before assignment

How can I fix this? I thought nester scopes would have allowed me to do this. I've tried with 'global', but it still doesn't work.

解决方案

Since the nested function can't rebind a nonlocal name (in Python 2; in Python 3, you'd use the nonlocal statement to enable that), you need to perform your incrementing without barename rebinding (by keeping the counter as an item or attribute of some barename, not as a barename itself). For example:

...

ctr = [0]

def keyfunc(x):

ctr[0] += 1

status("POSTCODE", "Sorting postcodes", ctr, len(self.postcodes))

return x

...

and of course use ctr[0] wherever you're using bare ctr now elsewhere.