python标准库函数_Python常用标准库函数

math库：

>>> import math

>>> dir(math)

['__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'gcd', 'hypot', 'inf', 'isclose', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2', 'modf', 'nan', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tau', 'trunc']

>>> math.pi

3.141592653589793

>>> math.e

2.718281828459045

>>> help(math.ceil)

Help on built-in function ceil in module math:

ceil(...)

ceil(x)

Return the ceiling of x as an Integral.

This is the smallest integer >= x.

>>> math.ceil(3.6)

4

>>> math.floor(3.6)

3

>>> math.pow(2,3)

8.0

>>> math.sqrt(4)

2.0

>>> math.degrees(3.14)

179.9087476710785

>>> math.radians(180)

3.141592653589793

os库：

import os

>>> os.getcwd()

'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36-32'

>>> path='e:\\test'

>>> os.chdir(path)

>>> os.getcwd()

'e:\\test'

>>> os.rename('test.txt','test111.txt')

>>> os.remove('test111.txt')

>>>

random库：

>>> import random

>>> random.choice(['C++','Java','Python'])

'Java'

>>> random.randint(1,100)

57

>>> random.randrange(0,10,2)

8

>>> random.random()

0.7906454183842933

>>> random.uniform(5,10)

7.753307224388041

>>> random.sample(range(100),10)

[91, 15, 67, 38, 55, 72, 62, 97, 51, 77]

>>> nums=[1001,1002,1003,1004,1005]

>>> random.shuffle(nums)

>>> nums

[1002, 1004, 1005, 1001, 1003]

datetime库：

import datetime

>>> dir(datetime)

['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime_CAPI', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone', 'tzinfo']

>>> from datetime import date

>>> date.today()

datetime.date(2018, 3, 7)

>>> from datetime import time

>>> tm=time(23,20,35)

>>> print(tm)

23:20:35

>>> from datetime import datetime

>>> dt=datetime.now()

>>> dt

datetime.datetime(2018, 3, 7, 15, 1, 7, 13107)

>>> print(dt.strftime('%a,%b %d %Y %H:%M'))

Wed,Mar 07 2018 15:01

>>> dt=datetime(2017,6,6,23,29)

>>> print(dt)

2017-06-06 23:29:00

ts=dt.timestamp()

>>> ts

1496762940.0

print(datetime.fromtimestamp(ts))