python三维图怎么显示_如何在python中绘制多个回归3D图

我不是科学家,所以请假设我不知道有经验的程序员的行话,或者科学绘图技术的复杂性.

Python是我所知道的唯一语言(初学者,也许是中级).

任务：将多元回归的结果(z = f(x,y))绘制为3D图形上的二维平面(例如,我可以使用OSX的图形工具,或者在此使用R实现Plot Regression Surface).

经过一周搜索Stackoverflow并阅读matplotlib,seaborn和mayavi的各种文档后,我终于找到了Simplest way to plot 3d surface given 3d points,听起来很有希望.所以这是我的数据和代码：

首先尝试使用matplotlib：

shape: (80, 3)

type:

zmul:

[[ 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 5.52720000e+00]

[ 5.00000000e+02 5.00000000e-01 5.59220000e+00]

[ 1.00000000e+03 1.00000000e+00 5.65720000e+00]

[ 1.50000000e+03 1.50000000e+00 5.72220000e+00]

[ 2.00000000e+03 2.00000000e+00 5.78720000e+00]

[ 2.50000000e+03 2.50000000e+00 5.85220000e+00]

……]

import matplotlib

from matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator

from matplotlib import cm

from numpy.random import randn

from scipy import array, newaxis

Xs = zmul[:,0]

Ys = zmul[:,1]

Zs = zmul[:,2]

surf = ax.plot_trisurf(Xs, Ys, Zs, cmap=cm.jet, linewidth=0)

fig.colorbar(surf)

ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(5))

ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(6))

ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(5))

fig.tight_layout()

plt.show()

我得到的是一个空的3D坐标框架,其中包含以下错误消息：

RuntimeError：qhull Delaunay三角测量计算中的错误：奇异输入数据(exitcode = 2);使用python verbose选项(-v)来查看原始的qhull错误.

第二次尝试使用mayavi：

相同的数据,分为3个numpy数组：

type:

X: [ 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 ….]

type:

Y: [ 0. 0.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. ….]

type:

Z: [ 5.5272 5.5922 5.6572 5.7222 5.7872 5.8522 5.9172 ….]

码：

from mayavi import mlab

def multiple3_triple(tpl_lst):

X = xs

Y = ys

Z = zs

# Define the points in 3D space

# including color code based on Z coordinate.

pts = mlab.points3d(X, Y, Z, Z)

# Triangulate based on X, Y with Delaunay 2D algorithm.

# Save resulting triangulation.

mesh = mlab.pipeline.delaunay2d(pts)

# Remove the point representation from the plot

pts.remove()

# Draw a surface based on the triangulation

surf = mlab.pipeline.surface(mesh)

# Simple plot.

mlab.xlabel("x")

mlab.ylabel("y")

mlab.zlabel("z")

mlab.show()

我得到的就是：

如果这很重要,我在OSX 10.9.3上使用64位版本的Enthought’s Canopy

对于我做错了什么的输入,将不胜感激.

编辑：发布有效的最终代码,以防有人帮助.

'''After the usual imports'''

def multiple3(tpl_lst):

mul = []

for tpl in tpl_lst:

calc = (.0001*tpl[0]) + (.017*tpl[1])+ 6.166

mul.append(calc)

return mul

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

'''some skipped code for the scatterplot'''

X = np.arange(0, 40000, 500)

Y = np.arange(0, 40, .5)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)

Z = multiple3(zip(X,Y))

surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1,cmap=cm.autumn,

linewidth=0, antialiased=False, alpha =.1)

ax.set_zlim(1.01, 11.01)

ax.set_xlabel(' x = IPP')

ax.set_ylabel('y = UNRP20')

ax.set_zlabel('z = DI')

ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))

ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))

fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)

plt.show()