python中小数_比较python中的小数

I want to be able to compare Decimals in Python. For the sake of making calculations with money, clever people told me to use Decimals instead of floats, so I did. However, if I want to verify that a calculation produces the expected result, how would I go about it?

>>> a = Decimal(1./3.)

>>> a

Decimal('0.333333333333333314829616256247390992939472198486328125')

>>> b = Decimal(2./3.)

>>> b

Decimal('0.66666666666666662965923251249478198587894439697265625')

>>> a == b

False

>>> a == b - a

False

>>> a == b - Decimal(1./3.)

False

so in this example a = 1/3 and b = 2/3, so obviously b-a = 1/3 = a, however, that cannot be done with Decimals.

I guess a way to do it is to say that I expect the result to be 1/3, and in python i write this as

Decimal(1./3.).quantize(...)

and then I can compare it like this:

(b-a).quantize(...) == Decimal(1./3.).quantize(...)

So, my question is: Is there a cleaner way of doing this? How would you write tests for Decimals?

解决方案

You are not using Decimal the right way.

>>> from decimal import *

>>> Decimal(1./3.) # Your code

Decimal('0.333333333333333314829616256247390992939472198486328125')

>>> Decimal("1")/Decimal("3") # My code

Decimal('0.3333333333333333333333333333')

In "your code", you actually perform "classic" floating point division -- then convert the result to a decimal. The error introduced by floats is propagated to your Decimal.

In "my code", I do the Decimal division. Producing a correct (but truncated) result up to the last digit.

Concerning the rounding. If you work with monetary data, you must know the rules to be used for rounding in your business. If not so, using Decimal will not automagically solve all your problems. Here is an example: $100 to be share between 3 shareholders.

>>> TWOPLACES = Decimal(10) ** -2

>>> dividende = Decimal("100.00")

>>> john = (dividende / Decimal("3")).quantize(TWOPLACES)

>>> john

Decimal('33.33')

>>> paul = (dividende / Decimal("3")).quantize(TWOPLACES)

>>> georges = (dividende / Decimal("3")).quantize(TWOPLACES)

>>> john+paul+georges

Decimal('99.99')

Oups: missing $.01 (free gift for the bank ?)