在为主机添加硬盘前,首先要了解Linux系统下对硬盘和分区的命名方法。
1) 在Linux下对SCSI的设备是以sd命名的,第一个ide设备是sda,第二个是sdb,依此类推。一般主板上有两个SCSI接口,一共可以安装四个SCSI设备。主SCSI上的两个设备分别对应sda和sdb,第二个SCSI口上的两个设备对应sdc和sdd。一般硬盘安装在主SCSI的主接口上,所以是sda或者sdb,光驱一般安装在第二个SCSI的主接口上,所以是sdc. (IDE接口设备是用hd命名的,第一个设备是hda,第二个是hdb。依此类推.)
2)分区是用设备名称加数字命名的。例如sda1代表sda这个硬盘设备上的第一个分区。
3)每个硬盘可以最多有四个主分区,一个扩展分区,扩展分区可以再分为多个逻辑分区。
如下为新加一个SCSI硬盘,分区为扩展分区,且只包含1个逻辑分区sdb1,然后格式化为ext3,挂载到/test,增加到/etc/fstab系统启动时自动挂:
1、给硬盘分区
fdisk /dev/sdaCommand (m for help): nCommand actione extendedp primary partition (1-4)输入:ePartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-9729, default 1):回车Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-9729, default 9729):回车Command (m for help):w(保存退出)
2、格式化硬盘
fdisk -lmkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda1Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:直接回车。
3、挂载mount /dev/sda1 /test
4、开机直接挂载编辑/etc/fstab 文件添加:/dev/sda1 /test ext3 defaults 1 1
重启则发选已经挂载上去。
如下为新加一个ide硬盘,分区为扩展分区,且只包含1个逻辑分区hdb1,然后格式化为ext3,最后挂载到/opt2:
[root]# fdisk /dev/hdbCommand (m for help): m (Enter the letter "m" to get list of commands)Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)ePartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-2654, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2654, default 2654):Using default value 2654Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/hdb: 240 heads, 63 sectors, 2654 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 15120 * 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/hdb1 1 2654 20064208+ 5 ExtendedCommand (m for help): w (Write and save partition table)[root]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hdb1mke2fs 1.27 (8-Mar-2002)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)2508352 inodes, 5016052 blocks250802 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0154 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group16288 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (8192 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root]# mkdir /opt2[root]# mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /opt2