文章利用举例说明了关于PHP5面向对象访问控制 Public,private,protected详细说明,有需要的朋友可以参考一下.
在PHP5中增强了面向对象的机制,加入了面向对象常见的public、private、protected这样的访问控制机制.从字面意思来理解:
Public 无疑是公共的意思,意思是说类本身和其外部的子类都可以访问这个属性或者方法;
Private 英文翻译过来就是私有的意思,只能是类本身在类的内部才能访问——实例化的对象句柄不能访问该属性和方法,子类也不能访问;
Protected 受保护的属性或者方法,这个属性或者是方法只能被类本身或者子类的内部访问,实例化的对象句柄不能访问.
现在我们举个例子来说这个问题.
假设有一个宝石博物馆的管理员 小李,把仓库中的宝石分为三个类别,红宝石,蓝宝石,绿宝石.并且划分了属性,红宝石是国家的任何人都可以参观标签为(public),蓝宝石管理员小李家族传下来的(protected),绿宝石是小李自己在山上见到的(private).
那么我们可以这样认为:
public标签的红宝石,是国家的——全民所有,只要是合法的国家的公民都能够参看和拍照.
Protected 这个是受保护的,只有小李家族的人(小李的孩子或者孙子)在特定的房间里面才能参观和拍照,不准拿到房间外边看——太小气了!
Private 这个是私有的,小李不想让其他人知道,更不想让拍照了,所以只能供小李在小李的房间里看看而已,其他的人即使小李的孩子们都没有办法看到
实例代码如下:
error_reporting(E_ALL);
classtest{
public$public;
private$private;
protected$protected;
static$instance;
publicfunction__construct(){
$this->public='public
';
$this->private='private
';
$this->protected='protected
';
}
staticfunctiontank(){
if(!isset(self::$instance[get_class()]))
{
$c= get_class();
self::$instance=new$c;
}
returnself::$instance;
}
publicfunctionpub_function() {
echo"you request public function
";
echo$this->public;
echo$this->private;//private,内部可以调用
echo$this->protected;//protected,内部可以调用
$this->pri_function();//private方法,内部可以调用
$this->pro_function();//protected方法,内部可以调用
}
protectedfunctionpro_function(){
echo"you request protected function
";
}
privatefunctionpri_function(){
echo"you request private function
";
}
}
$test= test::tank();
echo$test->public;
echo$test->private;//Fatal error: Cannot access private property test::$private
echo$test->protected;//Fatal error: Cannot access protected property test::$protected
$test->pub_function();
$test->pro_function();//Fatal error: Call to protected method test::pro_function() from context
$test->pri_function();//Fatal error: Call to private method test::pri_function() from context
?>
<?php error_reporting(E_ALL);classtest{public$public;private$private;protected$protected;static$instance;publicfunction__construct(){$this->public='public
';$this->private='private
';$this->protected='protected
'; }staticfunctiontank(){if(!isset(self::$instance[get_class()])) {$c= get_class(); self::$instance=new$c; }returnself::$instance; }publicfunctionpub_function() {echo"you request public function
";echo$this->public;echo$this->private;//private,内部可以调用 echo $this->protected; //protected,内部可以调用 $this->pri_function(); //private方法,内部可以调用 $this->pro_function(); //protected方法,内部可以调用 } protected function pro_function(){ echo "you request protected function
"; } private function pri_function(){ echo "you request private function
"; } } $test = test::tank(); echo $test->public; echo $test->private; //Fatal error: Cannot access private property test::$private echo $test->protected; //Fatal error: Cannot access protected property test::$protected $test->pub_function(); $test->pro_function(); //Fatal error: Call to protected method test::pro_function() from context $test->pri_function(); //Fatal error: Call to private method test::pri_function() from context ?>
从上面的例子中,我们可以看出,
public: 可以class内部调用,可以实例化调用.
private: 可以class内部调用,实例化调用报错.
protected: 可以class内部调用,实例化调用报错.
classtest{
public$public;
private$private;
protected$protected;
static$instance;
publicfunction__construct(){
$this->public='public
';
$this->private='private
';
$this->protected='protected
';
}
protectedfunctiontank(){//私有方法不能继承,换成public,protected
if(!isset(self::$instance[get_class()]))
{
$c= get_class();
self::$instance=new$c;
}
returnself::$instance;
}
publicfunctionpub_function() {
echo"you request public function
";
echo$this->public;
}
protectedfunctionpro_function(){
echo"you request protected function
";
echo$this->protected;
}
privatefunctionpri_function(){
echo"you request private function
";
echo$this->private;
}
}
classtest1extendstest{
publicfunction__construct(){
parent::tank();
parent::__construct();
}
publicfunctiontank(){
echo$this->public;
echo$this->private;//Notice: Undefined property: test1::$private
echo$this->protected;
$this->pub_function();
$this->pro_function();
$this->pri_function();//Fatal error: Call to private method test::pri_function() from context 'test1'
}
publicfunctionpro_extends_function(){
echo"you request extends_protected function
";
}
publicfunctionpri_extends_function(){
echo"you request extends_private function
";
}
}
error_reporting(E_ALL);
$test=newtest1();
$test-> tank();//子类和父类有相同名字的属性和方法,实例化子类时,子类的中的属性和方法会盖掉父类的.
?>
(责任编辑:admin)