python奇数的表达式_python中强大优雅的列表推导表达式

推导表达式其实就是简化一些循环判断操作等

生成一个数字1-10的列表，可以有多少种方法？

>>> l = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]>>>l

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]>>>

>>> l =[]>>> for x in range( 1, 11):

... l.append( x )

...>>>l

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]>>>

>>> l = range( 1, 11)>>>l

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]>>>

现在看下推导表达式

>>> a = [ x for x in range( 1, 11) ]>>>a

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]>>>

有些人，可能会说，直接range( 1, 11 )就好了，多此一举，如果我们要筛选出奇数?

当然，range依然能够做到：

>>> range( 1, 11, 2)

[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]>>>

那，如果要得到偶数，需要遍历每一项，判断

>>> a =[]>>> for x in range( 1, 11):

...if x % 2 ==0:

... a.append( x )

...>>>

>>>a

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]>>>

他等价于如下的推导表达式：

>>> b = [ x for x in range( 1, 11 ) if x % 2 ==0 ]>>>b

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]>>>

一句话搞定

生成一个坐标系？

>>> dot = [(x,y) for x in range( 1, 10 ) for y in range( 1, 10) ]>>>dot

[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (1, 9), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8), (3, 9), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7), (4, 8), (4, 9), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7), (5, 8), (5, 9), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6), (6, 7), (6, 8), (6, 9), (7, 1), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 4), (7, 5), (7, 6), (7, 7), (7, 8), (7, 9), (8, 1), (8, 2), (8, 3), (8, 4), (8, 5), (8, 6), (8, 7), (8, 8), (8, 9), (9, 1), (9, 2), (9, 3), (9, 4), (9, 5), (9, 6), (9, 7), (9, 8), (9, 9)]>>>

等价于，如下2重循环：

>>> dot =[]>>> for x in range( 1, 10):

...for y in range( 1, 10):

... dot.append( ( x, y ) )

...>>>dot

[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (1, 9), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8), (3, 9), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7), (4, 8), (4, 9), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7), (5, 8), (5, 9), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6), (6, 7), (6, 8), (6, 9), (7, 1), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 4), (7, 5), (7, 6), (7, 7), (7, 8), (7, 9), (8, 1), (8, 2), (8, 3), (8, 4), (8, 5), (8, 6), (8, 7), (8, 8), (8, 9), (9, 1), (9, 2), (9, 3), (9, 4), (9, 5), (9, 6), (9, 7), (9, 8), (9, 9)]>>>

生成一个递增字符串列表：

>>> ['the number:%s' % n for n in range( 1, 10) ]

['the number:1', 'the number:2', 'the number:3', 'the number:4', 'the number:5', 'the number:6', 'the number:7', 'the number:8', 'the number:9']

求1-9每个数的平方

>>> [x ** 2 for x in range( 1, 10) ]

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]>>>

用字典打包一层，相同的键后面会覆盖前面的

>>> dict( [( x, y ) for x in range( 1, 5 ) for y in range( 1, 5)] )

{1: 4, 2: 4, 3: 4, 4: 4}>>> [( x, y ) for x in range( 1, 5 ) for y in range( 1, 5)]

[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4)]

列表的引用，跟javascript类型：

>>> l = ['my', 'name', 'is', 'ghostwu']>>>l

['my', 'name', 'is', 'ghostwu']>>> a =l>>> a[3] = 'wukong'

>>>l

['my', 'name', 'is', 'wukong']>>> dela>>>l

['my', 'name', 'is', 'wukong']>>>a

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"", line 1, in NameError: name'a' is notdefined>>>

del a，删除的是 列表的引用，跟php垃圾回收机制类似，两个变量指向一个列表，删除其中一个，但是另一个还是指向那个列表.

>>> a = [10, 20, 30]>>> b =a>>>b

[10, 20, 30]>>> dela>>>a

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"", line 1, in NameError: name'a' is notdefined>>>b

[10, 20, 30]>>>

del a[], 这个指的是清空列表

>>> a = [ 10, 20, 30]>>> b =a>>> dela[:]>>>

>>>a

[]>>>b

[]>>>