python 命名空间报错,命名空间错误lxml xpath python

I am transforming word documents to xml to compare them using the following code:

word = win32com.client.Dispatch('Word.Application')

wd = word.Documents.Open(inFile)

# Converts the word infile to xml outfile

wd.SaveAs(outFile,11)

wd.Close()

dom=parse(outFile)

The xml file I get looks like:

...

...

...

I can't use xpath function (lxml library)

when I try for example :

import lxml.etree as et

tree = et.parse(xmlFile)

for elt in tree.xpath("//w:gridCol"):

elt.getparent().remove(elt)

I get the following error:

for elt in tree.xpath("//w:gridCol"):

File "lxml.etree.pyx", line 2029, in lxml.etree._ElementTree.xpath (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:45934)

File "xpath.pxi", line 379, in lxml.etree.XPathDocumentEvaluator.__call__ (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:114389)

File "xpath.pxi", line 242, in lxml.etree._XPathEvaluatorBase._handle_result (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:113063)

File "xpath.pxi", line 227, in lxml.etree._XPathEvaluatorBase._raise_eval_error (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:112894)

XPathEvalError: Undefined namespace prefix

I did some research and I guess it's a namespace matter, but I don't know how to fix it?

解决方案

In this code:

for elt in tree.xpath("//w:gridCol"):

w: isn't a namespace; it's a namespace prefix which is effectively shorthand for the actual namespace,

http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml. If you want to search for elements in this namespace using the xpath method, you need to provide it with a mapping of namespace prefixes to namespaces:

tree.xpath("//w:gridCol", namespaces={

'w': 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml',

})

Also, note that there is no requirement that you use the same

namespace prefix. The following would find the same elements:

tree.xpath("//bob:gridCol", namespaces={

'bob': 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml'

})