python try except continue_python知识整理(模块及continue brak及try异常处理)_6

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -- conding:utf-8 --

import  模块

四个方法:

import time 是指 import time 模块:

这个模块可以是 python 自带,也可以是自己安装的, 如 numpy 模块,就是需要自己安装;

1、 improt  time

In [17]: import time                    // 可以print 当地时间:

print(time.localtime())

time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=13, tm_min=48, tm_sec=55, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=182, tm_isdst=0)

2、improt  time  as t        //  as 后面可以自定义,表示把time缩写成 t.

In [2]: import time as t

print(t.localtime())

time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=13, tm_min=52, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=182, tm_isdst=0)

3、from time  import time,localtime      // 只 import 自己想要的功能, 中间用逗号隔开.

from time import time,localtime

print(localtime())

time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=13, tm_min=56, tm_sec=12, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=182, tm_isdst=0)

4、form time  import  *                  // 输入模块的所有功能

from time import *

In [11]: tim

%%time    %%timeit  %time     %timeit   time      timezone

In [13]: print(time())

1561960733.32

In [14]: print(clock())

自建模块:

[root@fenye2019 ~]# cat m1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# --* conding:utf-8 -*-

def printdata(data):

print('I am m1')

print(data)

调用:

improt m1

或者

from m1  import  printdata

m1.printdata('python')

import m1

In [6]: m1.printdata('python')

I am m1

python

注释: linux 使用import 导入模块/总是错误:        ImportError: No module named numpy

需要修改其包的路径:          // site-apckages

首先查看包/模块的位置,      // 通过 sys 模块里的 path 功能来实现:

import  sys

sys.path

'/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/gtk-2.0',

'/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages',

'/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cloud_init-0.7.6-py2.7.egg',

'/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/extensions',

临时修改:   通过 path 功能下的 append 属性来增加

sys.path.

sys.path.append   sys.path.extend   sys.path.insert   sys.path.remove   sys.path.sort

sys.path.count    sys.path.index    sys.path.pop      sys.path.reverse

sys.path.append('/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages')

永久修改:

[root@fenye2019 ~]# tail /etc/profile

export PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages:/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/extensions

[root@fenye2019 ~]# source  /etc/profile

再次手动写一个模块,计算五年的复利本息的模块:

[root@fenye2019 ~]# cat balance.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# --*conding:utf-8 -*-

d=float(input('Please enter what is your initial balance: \n'))

p=float(input('Please input what is the interest rate (as a number): \n'))

d=float(d+d*(p/100))

year=1

while year<=5:

d=float(d+d*p/100)

print('Your new balance after year:',year,'is',d)

year=year+1

print('your final year is',d)

运行:

import balance

Please enter what is your initial balance:

50000                    // 手动输入本金:

Please input what is the interest rate (as a number):

2.4                      // 手动输入银行利息:

('Your new balance after year:', 1, 'is', 52428.8)

('Your new balance after year:', 2, 'is', 53687.0912)

('Your new balance after year:', 3, 'is', 54975.581388800005)

('Your new balance after year:', 4, 'is', 56294.9953421312)

('Your new balance after year:', 5, 'is', 57646.07523034235)

('your final year is', 57646.07523034235)

continue &&  break

continue    重复输入

break       跳出本次循环,执行循环下面的内容

pass     // 表示空字符,什么也不做.

break    //表示退出本次循环,执行循环外的内容:

如: 当b = 1, 相当于忽略 break 后面的循环内的那部分代码,

直接运行 循环之外的 语句;

while True:

b = input('please input number: ')

if b == '1':

break

else:

pass

print('to run ......')

print('flnish run')

python 10.py

please input number: 3

to run ......

please input number: 4

to run ......

please input number: 1

flnish run

continue        // 忽略 continue 后面的代码,然后重新开始循环:

一般用户重新输入字符:

while True:

b = input('Please input number: ')

if b == '1':

continue

else:

pass

print('to run ......')

print('flnish run')

python 10.py

please input number: 2

jixunyunx......

please input number: 1

please input number: 1

try  异常处理

file = open('fenye','r')        //文件不存在则会报错

IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'fenye'

加上try 后                 //  输出的错误可以写"自定义的内容"

try:

file = open('fenye',r)

except Exception as e:

print(e)

#    print('there is no file name as eeeee')          // 这样自定义内容也可以,直接打印内容也可以。

[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'fenye'

扩展后如下:

判断这个文件是否存在并查看,不存在则由用户选择是否创建:

第一次运行时,文件不存在存在,则执行except 里面的语句,由用户选择是否创建,选择 y ,则创建这个文件,并退出:

第二次运行时,文件已存在,则直接执行最后一个else里的语句:

try:

file = open('fenye',r+)           //第二次运行写入文件内容需要些权限 w.

except Exception as e:

print('There is not file named as fenye')

response = raw_input('do you want to create new file: ')

if response == 'y':

file = open('fenye','w')

else:

pass

else:                                         //此处的else同 try 平行:

file.write('my name is fenye')

file.close()

cat fenye

my name is fenye

再次扩展:

假设用户输入的是 n ,或者是大写的 Y/N ,或者是 yes/no   Yes/No 这样的,也或者是其他字符如何判断:

try:

file = open('fenye','r+')

except Exception as e:

print('There is not file as fenye')

response = raw_input('do you want to create new file: ')

re = response.lower()

if re == 'y' or 'yes':

file = open('fenye','w')

elif re == 'n' or 'no':

exit

else:

print('Please input a [Yes/No]: ')                                                                   continue

else:

file.write('my name is fenye')

file.close()