random 模块是Python自带的模块,除了生成最简单的随机数以外,还有很多功能。
random.random()
用来生成一个0~1之间的随机浮点数,范围[0,10
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>>>import random
>>> random.random()
0.5038461831828231
random.uniform(a,b)
返回a,b之间的随机浮点数,范围[a,b]或[a,b),取决于四舍五入,a不一定要比b小。
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>>> random.uniform(50,100)
76.81733455677832
>>> random.uniform(100,50)
52.98730193316595
random.randint(a,b)
返回a,b之间的整数,范围[a,b],注意:传入参数必须是整数,a一定要比b小
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>>> random.randint(50,100)
54
>>> random.randint(100,50)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line1,in
random.randint(100,50)
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line242,in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line218,in randrange
raise ValueError,"empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width)
ValueError: emptyrange for randrange() (100,51,-49)
>>> random.randint(50.5,100.6)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line1,in
random.randint(50.5,100.6)
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line242,in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line187,in randrange
raise ValueError,"non-integer arg 1 for randrange()"
ValueError: non-integer arg1 for randrange()
random.randrang([start], stop[, step])
返回有个区间内的整数,可以设置step。只能传入整数,random.randrange(10, 100, 2),结果相当于从[10, 12, 14, 16, … 96, 98]序列中获取一个随机数。
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>>> random.randrange(100)
58
>>> random.randrange(10,100,2)
54
random.choice(sequence)
从序列中随机获取一个元素,list, tuple, 字符串都属于sequence。这里的sequence 需要是有序类型。random.randrange(10,100,2)在结果上与 random.choice(range(10,100,2) 等效。
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>>> random.choice(("stone","scissors","paper"))
'stone'
>>> random.choice(["stone","scissors","paper"])
'scissors'
>>> random.choice("Random")
'm'
random.shuffle(x[,random])
用于将列表中的元素打乱,俗称为洗牌。会修改原有序列。
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>>> poker= ["A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"]
>>> random.shuffle(poker)
>>> poker
['4','10','8','3','J','6','2','7','9','Q','5','K','A']
random.sample(sequence,k)
从指定序列中随机获取k个元素作为一个片段返回,sample函数不会修改原有序列。
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>>> poker= ["A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"]
>>> random.sample(poker,5)
['4','3','10','2','Q']
上述几个方式是Python常用的一些方法,但是关于随机数还有很多的故事。下回分解~