java io流_Java操作手册：IO流总结（第6篇）-CSDN博客

本节重点讲解Java中的IO流，Java中所有字节相关的输入流的基类为InputStream、输出流的基类为OutputStream，Java中所有与字符相关的输入流的基类为Reader、输出流的基类为Writer。如果操作的是字符，可以选择用字符流和字节流，如果操作的是非字符，只能用字节流。常见字符流包括：(FileReader，FileWriter)、(BufferedReader，BufferedWriter)，常见的字节流包括(FileInputStream，FileOutputStream)、(BufferedInputStream，BufferedOutputStream)，常见转换流包括InputStreamReader、OutputStreamWriter，Java也提供了常用的文件封装类File。下面一一介绍。

一、字符流

FileReader：读取字符文件，具体例子如下。

public static void main(String[] args) { FileReader reader = null; try { reader = new FileReader("D:/why.txt"); int len = 0; char[] buf = new char[1024]; while((len = reader.read(buf)) != -1) { System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len)); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (reader != null) {  reader.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}

BufferedReader：提供字符流读取时的缓冲区，减少IO操作，提高读取效率。具体例子如下。

public static void main(String[] args) { BufferedReader reader = null; try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("D:/why.txt")); int len = 0; char[] buf = new char[1024]; while((len = reader.read(buf)) != -1) { System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len)); } } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } }}

FileReader和BufferedReader用时对比试验，注意，选择大文件效果才明显

public static void main(String[] args) { fileReader(); bufferedReader();}private static void bufferedReader() { long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); BufferedReader reader = null; try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("D:/why.txt")); int len = 0; char[] buf = new char[1024]; while((len = reader.read(buf)) != -1) { System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len)); } } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (reader != null) {  reader.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("BufferedReader用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");}private static void fileReader() { long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); FileReader reader = null; try { reader = new FileReader("D:/why.txt"); int len = 0; char[] buf = new char[1024]; while((len = reader.read(buf)) != -1) { System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len)); } } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("FileReader用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");}

FileWriter：写文件，具体例子如下。

long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis();FileWriter writer = null;try {writer = new FileWriter("D:/why.txt");writer.write("dsss");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (writer != null) {writer.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("+=用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");}

BufferedWriter：写文件，具体例子如下。

public static void main(String[] args) { long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); BufferedWriter writer = null; try { writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("D:/why.txt")); writer.write("dsss"); } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { if (writer != null) { writer.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("+=用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");}

二、字节流

FileInputStream：以字节流方式读文件，具体例子如下。

public static void main(String[] args) { long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); FileInputStream fis = null; try { fis = new FileInputStream("D:/why.txt"); int len = 0; byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; while((len = fis.read(buf)) != -1) { System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len)); } } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { if (fis != null) { fis.close(); } } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("+=用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");}

BufferedInputStream：以带缓冲区的字节流方式读，与FileInputStream的对比试验可自行参照上面例子编写。具体例子如下。

public static void main(String[] args) { long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); BufferedInputStream bis = null; try { bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:/why.txt")); int len = 0; byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; while((len = bis.read(buf)) != -1) {  System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len)); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { if (bis != null) {  bis.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("+=用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");}

FileOutputStream：以字节流方式写，具体例子如下。

public static void main(String[] args) { long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); FileOutputStream fos = null; try { fos = new FileOutputStream("D:/why.txt"); fos.write("dsss".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { if (fos != null) { fos.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("+=用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");}

BufferedOutputStream：以带缓冲区的字节流方式写，具体例子如下。

public static void main(String[] args) { long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); BufferedOutputStream bos = null; try { bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:/why.txt")); bos.write("dsss".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { if (bos != null) {  bos.close(); } } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("+=用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");}

三、转换流

当我们读取字符数据时，使用字符流效率比字节流高，因此有时需要将字节流转换为字符流。

将字节输入流转换为字符输入流

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("D:/why.txt")));

将字节输出流转换为字符输出流

BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("D:/why.txt")));

四、File类

为了描述文件，Java提供File类，使用方法如下。

File file = new File("D:/why.txt");

File类为我们提供了很多关于文件的信息，比如文件大小、文件名等，方便我们操作。我们可将上述程序中的"D:/why.txt"替换为new File("D:/why.txt");，读者可在IDE中尝试。