变量four赋值数字python_python基础语法 笔记

# Dataframe 数据结构

# Dataframe是一个表格型的数据结构，“带有标签的二维数组”。

# Dataframe带有index(行标签)和columns(列标签)

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(12).reshape(3,4)*100,

index = ['one','two','three'],

columns = ['a','b','c','d'])

print(df)

print(type(df))

print('-----')

# 查看数据，数据类型为dataframe

print(df.index,'\n该数据类型为：',type(df.index))

print(df.columns,'\n该数据类型为：',type(df.columns))

print(df.values,'\n该数据类型为：',type(df.values))

# .index查看行标签

# .columns查看列标签

# .values查看值，数据类型为ndarray

a b c d

one 13.173838 78.250185 77.561848 57.013228

two 24.177624 81.762284 99.055599 8.224470

three 74.498542 27.668536 12.516576 18.877024

-----

Index(['one', 'two', 'three'], dtype='object')

该数据类型为：

Index(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], dtype='object')

该数据类型为：

[[ 13.17383762 78.25018505 77.56184759 57.01322792]

[ 24.17762414 81.76228389 99.05559888 8.22447019]

[ 74.49854153 27.66853562 12.51657559 18.87702373]]

该数据类型为：

# 列索引：df[]

print(df['a']) # 单列索引，结果为Series

print(df[['a']]) # 单列索引，结果为Dataframe

print(df[['a','c']]) # 多列索引，结果为Dataframe

one 13.173838

two 24.177624

three 74.498542

Name: a, dtype: float64

a

one 13.173838

two 24.177624

three 74.498542

a c

one 13.173838 77.561848

two 24.177624 99.055599

three 74.498542 12.516576

# 行索引：df.loc[] - 按index选择行

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(16).reshape(4,4)*100,

index = ['one','two','three','four'],

columns = ['a','b','c','d'])

print(df1)

print('-----')

data1 = df1.loc['one']

print(data1)

print('单标签索引\n-----')

# 单个标签索引，返回Series

data2 = df1.loc[['two','three','five']]

print(data2)

print('多标签索引\n-----')

# 多个标签索引，如果标签不存在，则返回NaN

# 顺序可变

data3 = df1.loc['one':'three']

print(data3)

print('切片索引')

# 可以做切片对象

# 末端包含

# 核心笔记：df.loc[label]主要针对index选择行，同时支持指定index，及默认数字index

a b c d

one 55.377068 43.065698 39.271316 49.574745

two 68.080127 64.019842 25.429227 26.203999

three 34.199065 44.013401 24.290113 96.597853

four 8.543333 76.680568 42.562423 71.356456

-----

a 55.377068

b 43.065698

c 39.271316

d 49.574745

Name: one, dtype: float64

单标签索引

-----

a b c d

two 68.080127 64.019842 25.429227 26.203999

three 34.199065 44.013401 24.290113 96.597853

five NaN NaN NaN NaN

多标签索引

-----

a b c d

one 55.377068 43.065698 39.271316 49.574745

two 68.080127 64.019842 25.429227 26.203999

three 34.199065 44.013401 24.290113 96.597853

切片索引

# 行索引：# df.iloc[] - 按照整数位置(从轴的0到length-1)选择行

# 类似list的索引，其顺序就是dataframe的整数位置，从0开始计

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(16).reshape(4,4)*100,

index = ['one','two','three','four'],

columns = ['a','b','c','d'])

print(df)

print('------')

print(df.iloc[0])

print(df.iloc[-1])

#print(df.iloc[4])

print('单位置索引\n-----')

# 单位置索引

# 和loc索引不同，不能索引超出数据行数的整数位置

print(df.iloc[[0,2]])

print(df.iloc[[3,2,1]])

print('多位置索引\n-----')

# 多位置索引

# 顺序可变

print(df.iloc[1:3])

print(df.iloc[::2])

print('切片索引')

# 切片索引

# 末端不包含

a b c d

one 50.438114 97.135347 9.243709 36.805417

two 83.481855 25.575370 86.127597 16.692816

three 90.065811 34.565951 24.451558 22.946117

four 8.319051 88.986334 9.407353 5.776574

------

a 50.438114

b 97.135347

c 9.243709

d 36.805417

Name: one, dtype: float64

a 8.319051

b 88.986334

c 9.407353

d 5.776574

Name: four, dtype: float64

单位置索引

-----

a b c d

one 50.438114 97.135347 9.243709 36.805417

three 90.065811 34.565951 24.451558 22.946117

a b c d

four 8.319051 88.986334 9.407353 5.776574

three 90.065811 34.565951 24.451558 22.946117

two 83.481855 25.575370 86.127597 16.692816

多位置索引

-----

a b c d

two 83.481855 25.575370 86.127597 16.692816

three 90.065811 34.565951 24.451558 22.946117

a b c d

one 50.438114 97.135347 9.243709 36.805417

three 90.065811 34.565951 24.451558 22.946117

切片索引