red linux系统管理,Red hat Linux 系统管理篇 4

Red hat Linux 第四章

RH linux study

学习记录：

cd -  返回上次操作的目录！

经典命令 ：

cd my_seller/mystery_chapter[...] ../?

..  可以代表上一个目录！

. 指的是当前目录！

-`+ %S` 中内容先执行！！

-$USER

~      家目录！

：

Info  * 表示链接

u 返回

p 进去

第四章

> 重定向(覆盖)

>> 追加 ！(留着原来的！！！)

& 全部  ````````

2 错误的

[kiosk@foundation4 Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd>../Desktop/1.txt

??

/dev/null   系统垃圾箱

“|  ”管道符      对一个命令的结果进行处理 ！

2&>1   错的变成 对的！！

` ************************

>   和   2>&!    的  位置关系！！！

前和后有区别！！！

>     2>    分开执行！！

Vim  使用：

：help 显示帮助

：q  退出

：set nu

: / str  查找

Ctrl+V   高亮模式 选中 ，

Delete  可以删除 ！

u 找回删除 ！

进入高亮模式 选中 行首 按 I(大写的 i) ； 变为输入模式 输入 # 按 ESC

Ctrl +W  后  N  / V

自己查看神奇的效果！！！

第二章          (请再看一下历史记录，第二章课后练习题)      s  2014.                                ---- 阿修

Lab 1

要求创建12个文件，

文件名为tv_seasonX_episodeY.ogg

命令为：touch tv_season{1,2}_episode{1..6}.ogg

Lab 2

创建8个文件，文件名为mystery_chaptreX.odf X 是(1～8)

命令 touch mystery_chaptre{1..8}.odf    实现，例图：

Lab 3

使用一个命令在用户的Vedios 目录下新建两个文件夹 season1 和 season2

命令为： mkdir /home/用户名/Vedios/season{1..2}

Lab 4

将Lab 1 新建的文件，移入 Lab 3 文件中 。  使用两个命令 ：

mv /home/用户/Destop/tv_season1* /home/用户/Vedios/season1

mv /home/用户/Destop/tv_season2* /home/用户/Vedios/season2

Lab 5

询问！！！！

新建内嵌目录/Documents/my_bestseller

新建目录 cp 时 -b    touch 时 -b  看用法

Lab 6

在my_bestseller 目录下使用一个命令创建3个子目录。

mkdir  指定绝对路径my_bestseller/{editor plot_change vacation}

Lab 7

在桌面

mv mystery_chapter* /home/hejiahao/Documents/my_bestseller

Lab 8

在 Documents  下：

cp chapters/mystery_chapter[1-2] my_bestseller/editer

Lab 9

将7 8 chapter 移动到 vocation 中 不用通配符

cp Documents/chapters/mystery_chapter7 my_bestseller/vocation

cp Documents/chapters/mystery_chapter8 my_bestseller/vocation

Lab 10

一个命令，改变工作目录到2季的电视剧集的位置，然后链接(而不是复制)本季的第一集的“vocation”目录。

mv  season* 可以移动

ln -s /home/用户/Documents/season /season1 /home/用户/Documents/my_bestseller/vocation/season1.ln

生成一个链接。。。

Lab 11

With one command, change the working directory to "vacation", then list its previous working directory shortcut. This will succeed if the last directory change was accomplished with one command. Link the episode 2 file into "vacation". Return to "vacation" using the shortcut again

一个命令，改变工作目录的“vocation”，然后列出其先前的工作目录的快捷方式。这将如果最后的目录的变化与一个命令成功完成。2集文件链接到“vocation”。返回“vocation”，再次使用的快捷方式

Lab 12

Chapters 5 and 6 may need a plot change. To prevent these changes from modifying original files, copy, not link, both files into "plot_change". Move up one directory to "vacation's" parent directory, then use one command from  there

chapter5和chapter6可能需要一个情节的变化。为了防止这些变化修改原始文件，复制，不链接，移动两个文件到“plot_change”。一个目录移动到“vocation”的子目录，然后用一个命令从实现

Lab 13  To track changes, save each version as a new file name to include the date. Change to the "plot_change" directory. Copy "mystery_chapter5.odf",appending the current timestamp (as the number of seconds since the epoch) to ensure a unique file name. See the solution for syntax. Also make a copy appending the current user ($USER) to the file name.

跟踪变化，保存每个版本作为一个新的文件名包含日期。改为“plot_change”目录。复制“mystery_chapter5。ODF”，将当前的时间戳(如以来的秒数时代)以确保一个独特的文件名。看语法的解决方案。也使一份添加当前用户(用户名)为文件名。

Lab 14

The plot changes were not successful. Delete the "plot_change" directory. First, delete all of the files in the "plot_change" directory. Change directory up one level because the directory cannot be deleted while it is the working directory. Try to delete the directory using the "rm" command without the recursive option. This attempt should fail. Now use the "rmdir" command, which will succeed.

剧情的变化是不成功的。删除“plot_change”目录。第一，删除所有的文件在“plot_change”目录。将目录更改到上一级目录不能因为在工作目录中删除。尽量不使用递归选项“RM”命令删除目录。这种尝试会失败。现在使用的“删除”命令，将成功。

英文原版：第四章！

UNIT 4

Creating, Viewing, and Editing Text Files

www.westos.org

Objectives

Redirect the text output of a program to a file

or to another program.

Edit existing text files and create new files

from the shell prompt with a text editor.

Copy text from a graphical window to a text

file using a text editor running in the

graphical environment.

www.westos.org

Standard input, standard output, and standard

error

Channels (File Descriptors)

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Redirecting output to a file

Output Redirection Operators

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Examples for output redirection

[student@desktopX ~]$ date > /tmp/saved-timestamp

[student@desktopX ~]$ tail -n 100 /var/log/dmesg > /tmp/last-100-boot-

messages

[student@desktopX ~]$ cat file1 file2 file3 file4 > /tmp/all-four-in-one

[student@desktopX ~]$ ls ~/.* > /tmp/my-configuration-file-names

[student@desktopX ~]$ echo "new line of information" >> /tmp/many-lines-of-

information

[student@desktopX ~]$ diff previous-file current-file >> /tmp/tracking-changes-

made

[student@desktopX ~]$ find /etc -name passwd 2> /tmp/errors

[student@desktopX ~]$ find /etc -name passwd > /tmp/output 2> /tmp/errors

[student@desktopX ~]$ find /etc -name passwd > /tmp/output 2> /dev/null

[student@desktopX ~]$ find /etc -name passwd &> /tmp/save-both

[student@desktopX ~]$ find /etc -name passwd >> /tmp/save-both 2>&1

www.westos.org

Constructing pipelines

Redirection controls channel

output to or from files while

piping sends channel output to

another process

Tee

www.westos.org

Practice: I/O Redirection and Pipelines Quiz

Questions

1.Display command output to terminal, ignore all errors.

2.Send command output to file; errors to different file.

3.Send output and errors to the same new, empty file.

4.Send output and errors to the same file, but preserve existing file

content.

5.Run a command, but throw away all possible terminal displays.

6.Send command output to both the screen and a file at the same

time.

7.Run command, save output in a file, discard error messages.

www.westos.org

Answer

2>/dev/null

>file 2>file2

&>file

>>file 2>&1

&>/dev/null

| tee file

>file 2>/dev/null

www.westos.org

Editing Text Files from the Shell Prompt

Vim

– Vim is an improved version of the vi editor

distributed with Linux and UNIX systems. Vim is

highly configurable and efficient for practiced

users, including such features as split screen

editing, color formatting, and highlighting for

editing text.

www.westos.orgMoving between Vim modes

command mode

insert mode

exit mode

www.westos.orgCommand mode

:help

:set

ctrl + v

ctrl+w -s

ctrl+w -v

ctrl+w -c

:sed 's/words/replace/g'

y

– yy,y[x]y

d

– dd,d[x]d

c

– cc,c[x]c

p

www.westos.orgInsert mode

A

a

I

i

O

o

S

s

www.westos.org

Exit mode

:q

:q!

:wq

:wq!

www.westos.org

The help for vim

vimtutor

[student@serverX ~]$vimtutor

www.westos.org

Editing files with gedit

Applications → Accessories → gedit

File → New (Ctrl-n)

File → Save (Ctrl-s)

File → Open (Ctrl-o)

Ctrl-x

Ctrl-c

Ctrl-v

www.westos.org

The help for gedit

gedit man page

[student@serverX ~]$ yelp help:gedit

www.westos.org

Lab

Redirect a long listing of all content in student's home directory, including

hidden directories and files, into a file named editing_final_lab.txt. Your home

directory files may not exactly match those shown in the example graphics.

Theis lab edits arbitrary lines and columns. The important outcome is to

practice the visual selection process.

Edit the file using Vim, to take advantage of visual mode.

Remove the first three lines, since those lines are not normal file names. Enter

line-based visual mode with upper case V

Remove the permission columns for group and world on the first line. In this

step, enter visual mode with lower case v, which allows selecting characters

on a single line only.

www.westos.orgLab

Remove the permission columns for group and world on the remaining lines.

This step will use a more efficient block selection visual mode to avoid having

to repeat the single line edit multiple times. This time, enter visual mode with

the control sequence Ctrl-v, which allows selecting a block of characters on

multiple lines

Remove the group owner column, leaving only one "student" column on all

lines. Use the same block selection technique as the last step.

Remove the time column, but leave the month and day on all lines. Again, use

the block selection visual mode.

Remove the Desktop and Public rows. This time, enter visual mode with upper

case V, which automatically selects full lines.

Save and exit. Make a backup, using the date (in seconds) to create a unique

file name.

www.westos.orgLab

Mail the file contents as the message, not an p_w_upload, to the user student

Append a dashed line to the file to recognize the beginning of newer content.

Append a full process listing, but only for processes owned by the current

user student and running on the currently used terminal. View the process

listing and send the listing to the file with one command line.

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