python存根文件,像urllib这样的模拟/存根python模块如何

I need to test a function that needs to query a page on an external server using urllib.urlopen (it also uses urllib.urlencode). The server could be down, the page could change; I can't rely on it for a test.

What is the best way to control what urllib.urlopen returns?

解决方案

Another simple approach is to have your test override urllib's urlopen() function. For example, if your module has

import urllib

def some_function_that_uses_urllib():

...

urllib.urlopen()

...

You could define your test like this:

import mymodule

def dummy_urlopen(url):

...

mymodule.urllib.urlopen = dummy_urlopen

Then, when your tests invoke functions in mymodule, dummy_urlopen() will be called instead of the real urlopen(). Dynamic languages like Python make it super easy to stub out methods and classes for testing.

See my blog posts at http://softwarecorner.wordpress.com/ for more information about stubbing out dependencies for tests.