php 8发布,php8正式发布了，

PHP8包含了许多新功能和优化，性能得到了进一步的提升，具体可参考官方原文介绍如下：

Named arguments RFC

PHP 7htmlspecialchars($string, ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML401, 'UTF-8', false);

PHP 8htmlspecialchars($string, double_encode: false);Specify only required parameters, skipping optional ones.

Arguments are order-independent and self-documented.

Attributes RFC

PHP 7class PostsController{     /**      * @Route("/api/posts/{id}", methods={"GET"})      */     public function get($id){ /* ... */ } }

PHP 8class PostsController{     #[Route("/api/posts/{id}", methods: ["GET"])]     public function get($id){ /* ... */ } }

Instead of PHPDoc annotations, you can now use structured metadata with PHP's native syntax.

Constructor property promotion RFC Doc

PHP 7class Point{   public float $x;   public float $y;   public float $z;   public function __construct(     float $x = 0.0,     float $y = 0.0,     float $z = 0.0,   ){     $this->x = $x;     $this->y = $y;     $this->z = $z;   } }

PHP 8class Point{   public function __construct(     public float $x = 0.0,     public float $y = 0.0,     public float $z = 0.0,   ){} }

Less boilerplate code to define and initialize properties.

Union types RFC Doc

PHP 7class Number{   /** @var int|float */   private $number;   /**    * @param float|int $number    */   public function __construct($number){     $this->number = $number;   } } new Number('NaN'); // Ok

PHP 8class Number {   public function __construct(private int|float $number){} } new Number('NaN'); // TypeError

Instead of PHPDoc annotations for a combination of types, you can use native union type declarations that are validated at runtime.

Match expression RFC Doc

PHP 7switch (8.0) {   case '8.0':     $result = "Oh no!";     break;   case 8.0:     $result = "This is what I expected";     break; } echo $result; //> Oh no!

PHP 8echo match (8.0) {   '8.0' => "Oh no!",   8.0 => "This is what I expected", }; //> This is what I expected

The new match is similar to switch and has the following features:Match is an expression, meaning its result can be stored in a variable or returned.

Match branches only support single-line expressions and do not need a break; statement.

Match does strict comparisons.

Nullsafe operator RFC

PHP 7$country =  null; if ($session !== null) {   $user = $session->user;   if ($user !== null) {     $address = $user->getAddress();       if ($address !== null) {       $country = $address->country;     }   } }

PHP 8$country = $session?->user?->getAddress()?->country;

Instead of null check conditions, you can now use a chain of calls with the new nullsafe operator. When the evaluation of one element in the chain fails, the execution of the entire chain aborts and the entire chain evaluates to null.

Saner string to number comparisons RFC

PHP 70 == 'foobar' // true

PHP 80 == 'foobar' // false

When comparing to a numeric string, PHP 8 uses a number comparison. Otherwise, it converts the number to a string and uses a string comparison.

Consistent type errors for internal functions RFC

PHP 7strlen([]); // Warning: strlen() expects parameter 1 to be string, array given array_chunk([], -1); // Warning: array_chunk(): Size parameter expected to be greater than 0

PHP 8strlen([]); // TypeError: strlen(): Argument #1 ($str) must be of type string, array given array_chunk([], -1); // ValueError: array_chunk(): Argument #2 ($length) must be greater than 0

Most of the internal functions now throw an Error exception if the validation of the parameters fails.

Just-In-Time compilation

PHP 8 introduces two JIT compilation engines. Tracing JIT, the most promising of the two, shows about 3 times better performance on synthetic benchmarks and 1.5–2 times improvement on some specific long-running applications. Typical application performance is on par with PHP 7.4.

Relative JIT contribution to PHP 8 performance

Type system and error handling improvementsStricter type checks for arithmetic/bitwise operators RFC

Abstract trait method validation RFC

Correct signatures of magic methods RFC

Reclassified engine warnings RFC

Fatal error for incompatible method signatures RFC

The @ operator no longer silences fatal errors.

Inheritance with private methods RFC

Mixed type RFC

Static return type RFC

Types for internal functions Email thread

Opaque objects instead of resources for Curl, Gd, Sockets, OpenSSL, XMLWriter, and XML extensions

Other syntax tweaks and improvementsAllow a trailing comma in parameter lists RFC and closure use lists RFC

Non-capturing catches RFC

Variable Syntax Tweaks RFC

Treat namespaced names as single token RFC

Throw is now an expression RFC

Allow ::class on objects RFC

New Classes, Interfaces, and FunctionsWeak Map class

Stringable interface

str_contains(), str_starts_with(), str_ends_with()

fdiv()

get_debug_type()

get_resource_id()

token_get_all() object implementation