python曲线图加矩形_matplotlib基本使用（矩形图、饼图、热力图、3D图）

使用matplotlib画简单的图形：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from numpy.random importrandnimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig=plt.figure()

ax1=fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)

plt.plot(randn(50).cumsum(),'k--')

ax2=fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)#bins越大矩形越窄 alpha表示颜色深度

ax2.hist(randn(10000), bins = 30, color = 'red', alpha = 1)

ax3=fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)

plt.plot([1.5, 2, 4, -2, 1.6])

plt.show()

运行结果：

散点图

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pylab import *

importmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']

n= 1024X= np.random.normal(0,1,n)

Y= np.random.normal(0,1,n)for i in range(1,10):

scatter(i, i)

plt.title(u"散点图",color='red')

show()

pyplot.subplots有几个选项

nrows：subplot的行数

ncols：subplot的列数

sharex：所有subplot共享x轴刻度

sharey：所有subplot共享Y轴刻度

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from numpy.random importrandnfrom matplotlib importpyplot as plt

fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,sharex=True,sharey=True)for i in range(2):for j in range(2):

axes[i,j].hist(randn(50),bins=50,color='red',alpha=1)

plt.show()

矩阵图

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pylab import *

#使用中文

mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']#显示负号

matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] =False

n=32list1=[i for i in range(1,33)]

list2=[i for i in range(-32,0)]

n=np.arange(n)

xlim(-1,32)

ylim(-35,35)

xlabel(u'每个城市招聘人数')

bar(n, list1, facecolor='yellow', edgecolor='white')

bar(n, list2, facecolor='red', edgecolor='white')for x,y inzip(n,list1):

text(x, y,'%d' % y, ha='center', va= 'bottom')for x,y inzip(n,list2):

text(x, y-3, '%d' % y, ha='center', va= 'bottom')

show()

饼图

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

importmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

labels= 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs' #设置标签

sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10] #占比，和为100

colors = ['yellowgreen', 'gold', 'lightskyblue', 'lightcoral'] #颜色

explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0) #展开第二个扇形，即Hogs，间距为0.1

plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%', shadow=True,

startangle=90) #startangle控制饼状图的旋转方向

plt.axis('equal') #保证饼状图是正圆，否则会有一点角度偏斜

plt.show()

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

importmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportnumpy as np

labels= 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs' #设置标签

colors = ['yellowgreen', 'gold', 'lightskyblue', 'lightcoral'] #颜色

explode = (0.1, 0.2, 0, 0) #展开第二个扇形，即Hogs，间距为0.1

fig=plt.figure()

ax=fig.gca()

ax.pie(np.random.random(4), explode=explode, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%', shadow=True,

startangle=90, radius=0.25, center=(0, 0), frame=True)

ax.pie(np.random.random(4), explode=explode, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%', shadow=True,

startangle=90, radius=0.25, center=(1, 1), frame=True)

ax.pie(np.random.random(4), explode=explode, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%', shadow=True,

startangle=90, radius=0.25, center=(0, 1), frame=True)

ax.pie(np.random.random(4), explode=explode, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%', shadow=True,

startangle=90, radius=0.25, center=(1, 0), frame=True)

ax.set_xticks([0,1]) #设置位置

ax.set_yticks([0, 1])

ax.set_xticklabels(["Sunny", "Cloudy"]) #设置标签

ax.set_yticklabels(["Dry", "Rainy"])

ax.set_xlim((-0.5, 1.5))

ax.set_ylim((-0.5, 1.5))

ax.set_aspect('equal')

plt.show()

热力图

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pylab import *

def f(x,y): return (1-x/2+x**5+y**3)*np.exp(-x**2-y**2)

n= 256x= np.linspace(-3,3,n)

y= np.linspace(-3,3,n)

X,Y=np.meshgrid(x,y)

contourf(X, Y, f(X,Y),8, alpha=.75, cmap='jet')

C= contour(X, Y, f(X,Y), 8, colors='black', linewidth=.5)

show()

利用numpy来实现sin函数

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pylab import *

#使用中文

mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']#显示负号

matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] =False

t=np.arange(0.0,2.0,0.01)#0到2之间，以0.01为间距

s=np.sin(2*np.pi*t)#利用numpy实现2sinπx

plt.plot(t,s)

plt.xlabel('t的值')

plt.ylabel('s的值')#这里同时可以使用plt.xlim()和plt.ylim()来限制x、y轴的范围

plt.show()

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pylab import *

#使用中文

mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']#显示负号

matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] =False

x1=np.linspace(0.0,5.0)

x2=np.linspace(0.0,2.0)

y1=np.cos(2*np.pi*x1)*np.exp(-x1)

y2=np.cos(2*np.pi*x2)

plt.subplot(2,1,1)

plt.plot(x1,y1,'y*-')#y表示颜色，*表示点的样子，-表示连接

plt.title('图1')

plt.subplot(2,1,2)#最后一个2表示在第二个位置

plt.plot(x1,y2,'r.--')

plt.title('图2')

plt.show()

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pylab import *

#使用中文

mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']#显示负号

matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] =False

mu=1000sigma=15x=mu+sigma*np.random.randn(10000)#在均值周围产生符合正态分布x值

num_bins=50n,bins,patches=plt.hist(x,num_bins,normed=1,facecolor='green',alpha=0.5)#直方图函数，x为x轴的值，normed=1表示为概率密度，即和为一，绿色方块，色深参数0.5.返回n个概率，直方块左边线的x值，及各个方块对象

y=mlab.normpdf(bins,mu,sigma)#画一条逼近的曲线

plt.plot(bins,y,'r--')

plt.xlabel('Smarts')

plt.ylabel('Probability')

plt.title(r'Histogram of IQ: $\mu=100$, $\sigma=15$')

plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.15)

plt.show()

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pylab import *

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d importAxes3Dx_list= [[3, 3, 2], [4, 3, 1], [1, 2, 3], [1, 1, 2], [2, 1, 2]]

fig=plt.figure()

ax=Axes3D(fig)for x inx_list:

ax.scatter(x[0], x[1], x[2], c='r')

plt.show()

from pylab import *

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d importAxes3D

fig=plt.figure()

ax= fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='3d')

X= np.arange(1, 10, 1)

Y= np.arange(1, 10, 1)

X, Y=np.meshgrid(X, Y)

Z= 3 * X + 2 * Y + 30surf= ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.jet, linewidth=0, antialiased=True)

ax.set_zlim3d(0,100)

fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)

plt.show()

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

from matplotlib import cm

from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.1)

Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.1)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)

R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)

Z = np.sin(R)

surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm, linewidth=0, antialiased=False)

# 画表面,x,y,z坐标， 横向步长，纵向步长，颜色，线宽，是否渐变

ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01) # 坐标系的下边界和上边界

ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10)) # 设置Z轴标度

ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f')) # Z轴精度

fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5) # shrink颜色条伸缩比例(0-1)，aspect颜色条宽度(反比例，数值越大宽度越窄)

plt.show()