正则表达式是一种字符模式，用于在查找过程中匹配制定的字符。
元字符通常在 Linux 中分为两类：Shell 元字符，由 Linux Shell 进行解析。
正则表达式元字符，由 vi/grep/sed/awk 等文本处理工具进行解析。
正则表达式一般以文本行进行处理，在进行下面实例之前，先为 grep 命令设置 --color 参数：$ alias grep='grep --color=auto'
这样每次过滤出来的字符串都会带色彩了。
在开始之前还需要做一件事情，就是创建两个测试用的文件 re-file 和 linux.txt，内容如下：$ cat re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
groove.
$ cat linux.txt
Linux is a good
god assdxw bcvnbvbjk
greatttttt wexcvxc
operaaaating dhfghfvx
gooodfs awrerdxxhkl
gdsystem awxxxx
glad
good
正则表达式元字符元字符功能^以什么开头
$以什么结尾
.匹配一个字符
*匹配0个或多个
[]匹配集合中的
[x-y]匹配集合范围内的
[^ ]匹配不在集合中的
转义特殊的元字符元字符功能实例怎么匹配
>以什么结尾'love>'匹配love结尾的所有行
(..)标签匹配以后使用的字符'(love)able 1er'用位置12引导前面做好的标签，最大支持9个
x{m} or x{m,} or x{m,n}重复字符x，m次，至少m次，至少m且不超过n次o{5,10}o字符重复5到10次的行扩展的正则表达式元字符说明+重复前一个字符一个或一个以上
？0个或者一个字符
|表示或，查找多个字符串
()分组过滤匹配
实操匹配以 love 开头的所有行$ grep '^love' re-file
love, how much I adore you. Do you know匹配 love 结尾的所有行$ grep 'love$' re-file
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.匹配以 l 开头，中间包含两个字符，结尾是 e 的所有行$ grep 'l..e' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the匹配 0 个或多个空行，后面是 love 的字符$ grep ' *love' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.匹配 love 或 Love$ grep '[Ll]ove' re-file # 对l不区分大小写
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.匹配 A-Z 的字母，其次是 ove$ grep '[A-Z]ove' re-file
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh匹配不在 A-Z 范围内的任何字符行，所有的小写字符$ grep '[^A-Z]' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
groove.匹配 love.$ grep 'love.' re-file
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.匹配空格$ grep '^$' re-file匹配任意字符$ grep '.*' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
groove.前面 o 字符重复 2 到 4 次$ grep 'o{2,4}' re-file
groove.重复 o 字符至少 2 次$ grep 'o{2,}' re-file
groove.重复 o 字符最多 2 次$ grep 'o{,2}' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
groove.重复前一个字符一个或一个以上$ egrep "go+d" linux.txt
Linux is a good
god assdxw bcvnbvbjk
gooodfs awrerdxxhkl
good0 个或者一个字符$ egrep "go?d" linux.txt
god assdxw bcvnbvbjk
gdsystem awxxxx同时查找多个字符串$ egrep "gd|good" linux.txtLinux is a goodgdsystem awxxxxgood分组过滤匹配$ egrep "g(la|oo)d" linux.txt
Linux is a good
glad
good来源：安生博客
原文：http://t.cn/AiNuhcKf
题图：来自谷歌图片搜索
版权：本文版权归原作者所有
投稿：欢迎投稿，投稿邮箱: editor@hi-linux.com
推荐阅读
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
